HN Biology LAP 8

Identify the components of a DNA nucleotide.

Identify the components of a DNA nucleotide.

Use Chargaff’s rule to calculate the percentage of each base in an organism’s DNA.

A - 30

T - 30

C - 20

G - 20

Identify the type of bond that holds the base pairs together in a DNA double helix.

Hydrogen bond

What is the complementary DNA strand to the DNA strand A-C-C-T-G-A-G-A?

T-G-G-A-C-T-C-T

Explain semiconservative replication.

Each daughter DNA is one half an original parent strand and one half new nucleotide

helicase

opens up the double helix at the replication forks

primase

starts a short RNA primer of RNA nucleotides using the parent DNA as a template

DNA polymerase

adds new nucleotides to the parent strand of DNA

ligase

joins together Okazaki fragments

Describe what occurs during replication.

Two daughter strands of DNA are made using a parent DNA strand as a template

Where does replication occur in a eukaryotic cell?

nucleus

Describe lagging strand replication: direction

away from replication fork

Describe lagging strand replication: number of primers

multiple

What are Okazaki fragments?

A series of short segments of DNA that make up a lagging strand

Describe leading strand replication: direction

toward replication fork

Describe leading strand replication: number of primers

single

In what direction are new strands of DNA built?

5’ to 3’ direction

orgin of replication

replication bubble

replication fork

Identify the components of an RNA nucleotide.

Identify three differences between the structures of DNA of RNA.

• The sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose

• RNA is single-stranded and not double-stranded

• RNA contains the base uracil in place of thymine

What is the function of mRNA (messenger)

carry information from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm

What is the function of tRNA (transfer)

carry amino acids to ribosomes by the messages from the mRNA

What is the function of rRNA (ribosomal)

responsible for reading the order of amino acids and linking amino acids together