4.2a The Respiratory System Anatomy

What are the ==7 basic organs== of the Respiratory System (arranged in chronological order)?

1. Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Lungs (Subdivided into ==Bronchioles== and ==Alveoli==)
7. Diaphragm

What are 4 main functions of respiratory system?

1. ==Gas exchange:== adding O2 and removing CO2
2. ==Regulate blood pH:== more CO2 = less pH (less pH means more acidic)
3. ==Maintain homeostasis==: purify, warm and humidity the air
4. ==Produce sound==: Larynx causes it

The respiratory system can be divided into two major categories. Name them

Upper Respiratory Tract and Lower Respiratory Tract

What is the first organ in the Upper Respiratory Tract?

Nose

Explain how air travels through nose

Air enters the nose through the external nares (nostrils), where it is warmed, purified & humidified.

____ causes snoring if deviated

nasal septum

What is nasal cavity filled with and what is it function.

The nasal cavity is filled with ==Mucosa==. It moistens air and traps incoming foreign particles.

\---- type of receptors are located in mucosa

Olfactory Receptors

Where does air travel after the nose?

Pharynx

What is Pharynx?

Muscular Passage from nasal cavity to larynx

What are the 3 parts of Pharynx?

1. ==Nasopharynx==: internal nares to eustachian tubes. (it causes ears to “plug/pop”
2. ==Oropharynx==: middle region behind the mouth
3. ==Laryngopharynx==: Inferior region attached to where larynx and esophagus meet

Where does air go after Pharynx?

Larynx

What is Larynx?

Short tube of cartilage lined by mucous membrane that connects the pharynx to the trachea

What are Vocal Cords and its functions?

Part of the Larynx that produces sound though vibration. Generally small & tight in females; thick & loose in males

Explain the parts of vocal cords

1. True Vocal Cords (TVF): Vocal cords that produce sound
2. False Vocal Cords (FVF): vestibular folds that help to close the larynx

Summarize the Upper Respiratory Tract and Lower Respiratory Tract

Check the image

Name the first part of Lower Respiratory Tract

Trachea (windpipe). It connects Larynx with Bronchi

Explain Trachea

* Lined with ciliated mucosa
* Beat continuously in the opposite direction of incoming air.
* Expel mucus loaded with dust and other debris away from lungs.
* Walls are reinforced with C-shaped hyaline cartilage.

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What is Tracheostomy?

incision made below the cricoid cartilage, and a tracheal tube is inserted to create an emergency air passageway

Name and Explain where air goes after Trachea?

Bronchi and Bronchioles. They are tubes that carry air from the trachea into the left and right lungs. (check image)

Explain the pathway air goes through Bronchi and Bronchioles

Trachea —> Primary bronchi —> secondary bronchi —> tertiary bronchi —> bronchioles —> terminal bronchioles —> alveoli

Where does air goes after Bronchi and Bronchioles?

Lungs. It occupies most of the thoracic activity and it major organ of respiratory system

Explain the parts of Lungs.

Vertical:


1. Apex: Near the Clavicle (Superior Portion)
2. Base: rests on diaphragm (inferior portion)

Horizontal:


1. Left Lung: Two lobes (because of heart tilted towards left, one lobe is not present)
2. Right Lung: three lobes

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Name and Explain where the air goes after the Lungs?

Alveoli. They are Air saces made out of simple squamous tissue that conduct gas exchange.

What are the parts of Alveoli?

Not really parts but:


1. ==Pulmonary Capillaries:== cover the external surface of the alveoli.
2. ==Surfactant:== coats the side to prevent closing.