comp apps 5, 7, 8, 9

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

This is the address used to access a resource on the internet, specifying the location and retrieval method.

Search Engine

A collection of programs that helps users find information on the web by crawling and indexing web pages based on keywords.

Web Crawler (Spider)

Software that systematically browses the internet, discovers web pages, and adds them to the search engine's index.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

The protocol used for transmitting web pages over the internet, facilitating data exchange between client and server.

Boolean

A type of logical operation using operators like AND, OR, and NOT to refine web search queries.

Logical Operators

Operators (AND, OR, NOT) used to create complex search queries in search engines.

SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security)

Cryptographic protocols providing secure communication over a network using encryption.

Page Rank

A system developed by Google to rank web pages in search results based on link quantity and quality.

Crawling

The stage in which a web crawler collects information by visiting web pages.

Indexing

The stage in which the search engine organizes and stores information collected by the crawler.

Query Processor

The component that matches user keywords with indexed pages to return relevant search results.

Hit List

The list of relevant results returned by a search engine based on a user's query.

AND Operator

A logical operator that requires all specified terms to be present in search results.

OR Operator

A logical operator allowing any of the specified terms to be present in search results.

NOT Operator

A logical operator that excludes certain terms from search results.

Cache

A stored backup copy of a web page, useful if the original page is down.

Metadata

Data that describes other data, providing information about content like file size or creation date.

Analog Information

Data represented in a continuous form, such as sound waves or temperature.

Digital Information

Data represented in discrete forms using binary code (0s and 1s).

Sampling Rate

The number of times per second that a sound wave is measured during digitization.

Lossy Compression

Data compression method that permanently removes some data to reduce file size.

Lossless Compression

Data compression method that reduces file size without losing any information.

Bandwidth

The amount of data transmitted over a network in a given amount of time.

Function of CPU

The CPU executes instructions from programs, performs calculations, and manages data flow.

Role of ALU

Handles mathematical operations and logical operations within the CPU.

Program Counter (PC)

A register holding the address of the next instruction to be executed in the CPU.

I/O in Computing

Refers to communication between the computer and external devices for input/output operations.

Compiler

A specialized program that translates high-level programming language code into machine language.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Temporary storage for programs and data currently in use, allowing quick access.

Peripheral Device

External devices connected to a computer for input, output, or storage.

HDD vs SSD

HDD uses spinning disks for data storage, while SSD uses flash memory, offering faster access.