The Periodic Table

Group 1

Alkali metals.

Group 2

Alkaline earth metals

Groups 3-12

transition metals

metalloids

Found along the 'staircase'. Have properties of both metals and nonmetals

nonmetals

brittle, dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity

Proton

Positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom

Neutron

A subatomic particle that is neutral and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

Electron

A tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus

Periodic table

A chart of all chemical elements currently known, organized by atomic number.

Element

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

atom

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

periods

horizontal rows on the periodic table

groups

vertical columns on the periodic table

metal

Good conductor of heat and electricity. Has luster and high density

shiny

reflecting light; metallic luster

malleable

physical property of metals; able to be hammered into thin sheets

conductivity

the ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object

reactivity

the ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with other elements and compounds

alkali metals

very reactive, not found alone in nature, potassium and sodium are examples

alkaline earth metals

hard, grey-white, good conductors of electricity, calcium and magnesium are examples

Transition metals

most are hard and shiny, less reactive, examples are iron, copper, nickel and gold

synthetic elements

not found naturally on earth, all elements higher than 92

Particles

Everything in the universe is made of quarks, leptons and force carrier ________________

nucleus

Positively charged, dense center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons

hydrocarbon

Organic compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen

Amu

atomic mass unit; protons and neutrons have a mass of 1 _______

covalent

Type of bond in which atoms share electrons

valence

Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom

ductile

can be made into a wire

Six

Number of known quarks; also number of periods in a regular school day.

Bonding

Process of atoms joining to form molecules

Amino acids

Organic molecules that contain Nitrogen and are essential part of iving cells

Quark

protons and neutrons are composed of smaller particles called ______________

alcohol

a type of liquid that is flammable and floats on water

isotope

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Ionization

the process of removing electrons to form ions

atom

smallest part of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction

mass

The nucleus has almost all of the _________ of an atom.

nonmetal

Brittle, poor conductors, no luster; can be a solid (s), liquid (l) or gas.(g)

leptons

The six ________________ consist of the electron, muon, tau and 3 types of neutrinos

S, P, O, N, C, H

The six biologically important elements.

ionic

Type of bonding where an atom gains or loses electrons to form an ion.(+/-)

metallic bond

type of bonding where electrons are shared around positive metal ions in a "sea of electrons"