Organic Chemsitry Functional Groups

alkane (-ane)

a hydrocarbon containing only single covalent bonds

alkene (-ene)

a hydrocarbon containing a double bond

alkyne (-yne)

a hydrocarbon that contains one or more triple bonds

alcohol (-ol)

simple oxygen heteroatomic with a hydroxyl group and one alkyl group

ether (-oxy -ane)

simple oxygen heteroatomic with two alkyl groups

epoxide (-ene oxide)

an ether in which the oxygen is incorporated into a three-membered ring

haloalkane (halo-)

alkane containing one or more halogens

aldehyde (-al)

organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton

ketone (-one)

carbonyl compound with two alkyl groups

carboxylic acid (-oic acid)

carboxyl group attached to alkyl group

acid anhydride (-oic anhydride)

two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen

ester (-yl -oate)

compound derived from an acid in which at least one -OH hydroxyl group is replaced by an -O- alkyl group

amide (-amide)

carbonyl carbon atom linked by a single bond to a nitrogen atom and either a hydrogen or a carbon atom

acyl halide (-oyl halide)

ketone with a side chain replaced by a halide group

amine (-amine)

contains a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair

nitrile (-nitrile)

any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group

imine (-imine)

compound with a N atom double-bonded to a carbon atom

isocyanate (-yl isocyanate)

compound of formula R-N=C=O

azo compound (azo-)

compound with formula R-N=N-R', where R and R' can be either aryl (aromatic) or alkyl (aliphatic) functional groups

thiol (-thiol)

contains a carbon bonded to S-H

arene (-yl benzene)

hydrocarbon with alternating double and single bonds between carbon atoms forming rings