Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

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12 Terms

1

What are the three main principles of Cell Theory?

  1. Cells are the basic unit of life. 2. All life is made of cells. 3. Cells arise from other cells.

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2

What type of cells are prokaryotic?

Prokaryotic cells are cells that lack a nucleus and are generally smaller; they include Bacteria and Archaea.

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3

What are the key differences between Bacteria and Archaea?

Both lack a nuclear membrane and have circular chromosomes, but Archaea have histone proteins while Bacteria do not.

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4

What distinguishes Eukarya from Bacteria and Archaea?

Eukarya have a nuclear membrane, linear chromosomes, and complex RNA polymerase.

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5

What is MRSA?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, an antibiotic-resistant bacterium that can cause severe infections.

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6

What role does the gut microbiome play in human health?

The gut microbiome consists of beneficial bacteria that are important for digestion, immunity, and overall health.

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7

Name one example of an extremophile and its habitat.

Halophiles, which live in high-salt environments.

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8

What are the three types of Lateral Gene Transfer (LGT)?

  1. Transformation: Uptake of DNA from the environment. 2. Transduction: Transfer via viruses. 3. Conjugation: Direct transfer between bacteria.

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9

What is the Morphological Species Concept?

A classification method based on the structure of organisms, often using culturing methods.

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10

What is the Phylogenetic Species Concept?

A classification method based on genetic sequencing, providing a more accurate classification.

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11

Why is the classification of prokaryotic species challenging?

Many bacteria cannot be cultured, and horizontal gene transfer complicates classification.

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12

What are some roles of bacteria in the environment?

Bacteria can be pathogens (harmful), beneficial symbionts (helpful), or extremophiles (able to thrive in extreme conditions).

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