LECTURE NOTES - Lesson 9

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, a dominant classification system for mental disorders in North America.

ICD-10

The International Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, 10th revision, used primarily outside North America, developed by the WHO.

Major Mental Disorders

A subset of mental disorders characterized by serious disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and perceptions, including conditions like schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia

A condition marked by profound distortions in cognition and emotion, affecting thought, perception, and sense of self.

Positive Symptoms

Symptoms characterized by an excess of psychological functioning, such as delusions and hallucinations.

Negative Symptoms

Symptoms characterized by a deficit of psychological functioning, such as flattened affect and avolition.

Anhedonia

A loss of interest and pleasure in usual social and recreational activities, common in major depression.

Bipolar Disorder

A mental disorder marked by alternating periods of mania and depression.

Criminalization Hypothesis

The idea that minor but disruptive behavior in individuals with mental illness is more likely to result in their processing as offenders.

Command Hallucinations

Auditory hallucinations that direct an individual to act, potentially leading to criminal behavior.

Disorganized Symptoms

Symptoms reflecting severe disturbances in thoughts, such as bizarre behavior or confusing speech.

Delusion of Grandeur

A false belief that one possesses greater power, talent, or importance than is actually the case.

Delusional Disorder

A mental condition marked by the presence of one or more persistent non-bizarre delusions.

Flattened Affect

Absence of emotional expression in an individual.

Alogia

A poverty of speech characterized by a reduction in speech output.

Avolition

Loss of motivation to engage in usual activities.

Tense Situations

Circumstances created when individuals with mental illness exhibit bizarre or disturbing behaviors, potentially leading to confrontations.

Substance Abuse

The misuse of drugs or alcohol that often co-occurs with other mental disorders, contributing to tense situations.

Hallucination

A false sensory perception experienced without external stimulus, affecting one of the five senses.