Philosphy

Philosophy

a systematic answer to the great question of human life, questions not answerable alone by mathematical or experimental logic; using logic without special appeal to authority

Nihilism

there is no meaning in life

relativism

everything is a matter of opinion, there are no objective, absolute truths

emotivism

values result solely from our emotional reaction, but from facts or reasons

radical empiricism

knowledge is ultimately nothing but perception

good

reality (being) insofar as it is desirable

Happiness (flourishing)

the activity of the soul in accord with reason perfected by virtue (excellence), if there are many virtues, then by the best, in a complete life, not without other goods necessary

End

that which is good in itself

means

that which is for the sake of the end or good

moral virtue

good habit of choosing the mean between extremes as determined by reason & practical wisdom per se known proposition: when one knows the subject and when one knows the predicate, one knows “through themselves alone” that the proposition is true

natural law

a per se known proposition that is a first principle in ethical reasoning

substance (v. accident)

that which exists through itself, not by being in another

prime matter (v. second)

pure potency to be some substance

soul 1st definition

first substantial actuality of a natural body capable of life through parts-differentiation

soul 2nd definition

principle of the different kinds of activity belonging to different living things

skeptisism

no one knows anything

non empirical knowledge

knowledge not constituted by any possible sense perception