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Colloid Osmotic Pressure

The pressure exerted by proteins to draw water into capillaries.

Absorption

Movement of fluid into capillaries at the venous end due to osmotic pressure.

Filtration

Movement of fluid out of capillaries at the arterial end due to hydrostatic pressure.

Orthostatic Hypotension

A sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up.

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

the average pressure in the arteries during one cardiac cycle.

Pulse Pressure

the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.

Systolic Pressure

The maximum pressure in arteries during ventricular contraction (systole).

Diastolic

The minimum pressure in arteries during ventricular relaxation (diastole).

Metarterioles

small blood vessels that connect arterioles to capillaries, regulating blood flow through precapillary sphincters and allowing blood to bypass capillaries when necessary.

Arteries

Thick-walled, elastic, and muscular. They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart under high pressure.

Arterioles

Smaller branches of arteries with smooth muscle walls. They regulate blood flow into capillaries.

Capillaries

Thin-walled (single endothelial cell layer) and highly permeable. They facilitate exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste.

Venules

Small veins that collect blood from capillaries.

Veins

Thin-walled, less muscular, and have valves to prevent backflow. They carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart under low pressure.