Chemistry - Unit 5: Naming Compounds

Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Acetate

C₂H₃O₂^-

Chlorate

ClO₃^-

Cyanide

CN^-

Hydroxide

OH^-

Nitrate

NO₃^-

Bicarbonate

HCO₃^-

Carbonate

CO₃^2-

Chromate

CrO₄^2-

Sulfate

SO₄^2-

Phosphate

PO₄^3-

Polyatomic Ions

• Groups of atoms that stay together and have an overall charge and one name

Ammonium NH₄⁺

Acetate C₂H₃O₂^-

Chlorate ClO₃^-

Cyanide CN^-

Hydroxide OH^-

Nitrate NO₃^-

Bicarbonate HCO₃^-

Carbonate CO_c^2-

Chromate CrO₄^2-

Sulfate SO₄^2-

Phosphate PO₄^3-

Monoatomic cations

• a cation that is a single atom

monoatomic anions

• an anion that is a single atom

Prefixes

1. Mono

2. Di

3. Tri

4. Tetra

5. Penta

6. Hexa

7. Hepta

8. Octa

9. Nona

10. Deca

Oxygen prefixes/suffixes for polyatomics

• -ite = lost an oxygen

• Hypo - ite = lost two oxygens

• Per = added an oxygen

Naming Ionic Compounds

1. Name the cation

   1. If metal is block s and p just write the name of the metal

   2. Transition metals can have more than one type of charge

      1. Indicate their charge as a roman numeral in parenthesis after the name of the metal

2. Name the anion

   1. root + -ide

Writing Ionic Compound Formulas

1. write the formulas for the cation and anion, including the charges

2. Check if the charges are balanced

3. If not, cross/balance the charges using subscripts

4. If you can, simplify the ratio

Naming Covalent Compounds

• Covalent naming uses prefixes for each element in the compound

  • Least electronegative goes first

  • exception: First element when there is only one atom, 1st element is written as the name on the periodic table

• Last element has -ide ending

Exceptions

• When naming Pb (lead) or Sn (Tin) use parentheses and roman numerals

  • Treat like a transition metal

• Don’t use parentheses with Ag⁺(Silver), Zn²⁺ (Zinc), Cd²⁺ (Cadmium)