Rizal's Second Homecoming and La Liga Filipina

When did Jose Rizal return to Manila for his second homecoming?

June 26, 1892

Who accompanied Rizal on his return to Manila in 1892?

His widowed sister, Lucia Herbosa

At which hotel did Rizal stay upon his arrival in Manila?

Hotel de Oriente

Which Governor-General did Rizal meet with at Malacañang Palace?

Governor-General Eulogio Despujol

What did Rizal secure during his first meeting with Governor-General Despujol?

A pardon for his father

Which towns in Central Luzon did Rizal visit on June 27, 1892?

Malolos, San Fernando, Tarlac, and Bacolor

Why did Rizal shift the 'battlefield' of the reform movement from Spain to the Philippines?

He realized that advocating from abroad through publications like La Solidaridad was no longer sufficient

When and where was La Liga Filipina officially formed?

July 3, 1892, at the home of Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila

What was the primary objective of La Liga Filipina?

To promote unity, social welfare, and reform among Filipinos

What is the motto of La Liga Filipina?

Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All)

Who was elected as the President of La Liga Filipina?

Ambrosio Salvador

What were the three tiers of the governing body of La Liga Filipina?

Supreme Council, Provincial Council, and Popular Council

What were the membership fees for La Liga Filipina?

An entrance fee of 2 pesos and a monthly fee of 10 centavos

What was a specific requirement for members regarding their names in La Liga Filipina?

They had to adopt a symbolic name that could not be changed until they became president of their council

What was the main duty of a Liga member regarding information?

Maintain strict secrecy regarding Liga decisions and report information affecting the Liga to the fiscal

On what date was Rizal arrested?

July 6, 1892

What was the pretext for Rizal's arrest by Governor-General Despujol?

The discovery of incriminatory leaflets titled 'Pobres Frailes'

Where was Rizal imprisoned following his arrest?

Fort Santiago

What were the conditions of Rizal's confinement in Fort Santiago?

Incommunicado confinement, guarded by two artillery men, and restricted from writing or speaking except to the officer on duty

How did the public learn about Rizal's arrest?

It was published in the Gaceta de Manila on July 7, 1892

Who served as the Secretary of La Liga Filipina?

Deodato Arellano

Who served as the Treasurer of La Liga Filipina?

Bonifacio Arevalo

Who served as the Fiscal of La Liga Filipina?

Agustin de la Rosa

What did the Liga aim to encourage regarding the economy?

Education, agriculture, and commerce

What did the Liga aim to provide against violence and injustice?

Mutual protection and defense

What was the significance of Rizal's return to the Philippines in 1892?

It marked a turning point in the reform movement by signaling the urgency of taking concrete action on the ground

When did Rizal's deportation to Dapitan take place?

Midnight of July 14-15, 1892.

Who was the Governor General responsible for Rizal's deportation?

Governor General Despujol.

What was one of the primary reasons cited by the Spanish government for Rizal's deportation?

Publishing books and articles deemed anti-Catholic and anti-friar.

Who was the Spanish commandant of Dapitan who received Rizal upon his arrival?

Captain Ricardo Carnicero.

What was the total duration of Rizal's exile in Dapitan?

Four years, from July 17, 1892, to July 31, 1896.

What were the three conditions set by the Jesuits for Rizal to live in the parish convent?

Publicly retract religious errors, perform church rites/confession, and conduct himself as an exemplary Spanish subject.

Where did Rizal actually live during his exile instead of the parish convent?

In the home of Captain Ricardo Carnicero.

What poem did Rizal write for Captain Carnicero's birthday?

A Don Ricardo Carnicero.

How much did Rizal win in the Manila Lottery in 1892?

P6,200 (his portion of the P20,000 second prize).

What was Rizal's only vice according to his biographer Wenceslao Retana?

Playing the lottery.

How did Rizal invest the majority of his lottery winnings?

Purchasing agricultural lands along the coast of Talisay.

What book did Father Pastells send to Rizal to spark their religious debate?

El Liberalismo es pecado by Felix Sarda.

What was Rizal's core argument regarding the use of reason in religion?

Reason is a gift from God that acts as a lantern to guide humans toward truth.

What did Rizal claim the friars used religion for?

As a shield, weapon, and fortress to commit abuses.

What gift did Rizal give to Father Pastells despite their religious disagreements?

A hand-carved bust of St. Paul.

Why did Rizal challenge the French businessman Juan Lardet to a duel?

Lardet questioned Rizal's integrity regarding the quality of lumber sold.

Why did Captain Carnicero advise Lardet to apologize to Rizal instead of fighting?

He warned that Rizal was a master of martial arts, fencing, and pistol shooting.

Who were the two other individuals Rizal challenged to duels prior to the incident with Lardet?

Antonio Luna and Wenceslao Retana.

Who was the Jesuit priest sent to Dapitan to convert Rizal?

Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez.

What manuscript did Rizal dedicate to Father Sanchez?

Estudios sobre la lengua tagala.

Which family members stayed with Rizal in Dapitan to ease his loneliness?

His mother, Teodora Alonzo, and his sisters Trinidad, Maria, and Narcisa.

How many houses did Rizal maintain in Dapitan?

Three: one square, one hexagonal, and one octagonal.

What subjects did Rizal teach the boys in his school in Dapitan?

Arithmetic, Spanish, and English.

Name two European scholars with whom Rizal maintained contact during his exile.

Blumentritt and Reinhold Rost.

What was the purpose of the hexagonal house in Rizal's Dapitan residence?

It housed his chickens.

What was the purpose of the square house in Rizal's Dapitan residence?

It was the living quarters for his mother, sister Trinidad, a nephew, and himself.

What was the purpose of Rizal's square house in Dapitan?

It served as the primary residence for Rizal, his mother, his sister, and a nephew.

Which building on Rizal's estate functioned as a classroom and dormitory?

The octagonal house.

What was the function of the hexagonal house on Rizal's property?

It was used as a barn for his chickens.

What time did Rizal typically rise to begin his daily routine?

5:00 AM.

What subjects did Rizal teach his students in the afternoon?

Arithmetic, Spanish, and English.

Who was the spy sent by the Recollect friars to infiltrate Rizal's home?

Florencio Namanan, who used the alias Pablo Mercado.

What was the primary goal of the spy sent to Rizal's home?

To steal letters or documents that could link Rizal to the revolutionary movement.

How much was the spy Florencio Namanan paid to infiltrate Rizal's life?

72 pesos.

What was the outcome of the investigation into the spy Florencio Namanan?

Commandant Sitges halted the investigation and released the spy.

What was Rizal's primary medical specialty that attracted patients from across the archipelago?

Ophthalmology (eye specialist).

What lesson did Rizal learn after operating on his mother's cataracts?

That a physician should avoid treating their own family members due to the difficulty of maintaining professional discipline.

What materials did Rizal use to construct the waterworks system in Dapitan?

Fluted roof tiles for the aqueduct and burnt sea coral for lime concrete.

What professional credential allowed Rizal to engineer the Dapitan waterworks system?

His certification as an expert surveyor (perito agrimensor) from the Ateneo.

How did Rizal improve public health in Dapitan regarding malaria?

He spent months draining marshes to eradicate malaria-carrying mosquitoes.

What lighting improvement did Rizal introduce to the town of Dapitan?

He installed the town's first lighting system using coconut oil lamps.

What landmark did Rizal and Father Sanchez construct in the town plaza?

A massive relief map of Mindanao made of earth and stone.

How many students did Rizal train in his school in Dapitan?

Up to 21 students.

How did students pay for their tuition at Rizal's school?

They contributed through community labor and garden work.

What was the 'emperor' system used in Rizal's school?

A competitive system adopted from the Ateneo to motivate students.

What physical activities were integrated into Rizal's curriculum?

Arnis, boxing, and swimming.

What is the title of the school anthem Rizal composed for his pupils?

Himno Al Talisay (Hymn to Talisay).

What did the 'Hymn to Talisay' celebrate?

Talisay as a 'refuge blest' where both mind and body are strengthened through nature and study.

What did Rizal use to explore the jungles and coasts of Mindanao?

His baroto (sailboat).

What types of scientific specimens did Rizal collect during his exile?

Insects, birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, shells, and plants.

What was the primary reason Rizal practiced medicine in Dapitan?

A combination of profound charity for the poor and his exceptional surgical skill.

What did Rizal use as an affordable alternative to imported drugs?

Philippine medicinal plants.

What did Rizal receive from the Dresden Museum in exchange for his biological specimens?

Scientific books and surgical instruments

How many shells and species were in Rizal's conchology collection?

346 shells representing 203 species

Name three rare animal species named in honor of Rizal.

Draco rizali (flying dragon), Apogonia rizali (beetle), and Rhacophorus rizali (frog)

How many languages had Rizal mastered by 1896?

22 languages

What was the title of the poem Rizal wrote for his mother in 1895?

Mi Retiro (My Retreat)

What sculptural work did Rizal create depicting a mother-dog and a crocodile?

The Mother's Revenge

How many hectares of land did Rizal eventually own in Talisay?

About 70 hectares

What was the primary goal of the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers?

To challenge the Chinese monopoly in local trade and improve farm products and markets

What was the 'sulpukan' invented by Rizal in 1887?

A wooden cigarette lighter that worked on the principle of compressed air

What was the capacity of Rizal's brick-making machine?

About 6,000 bricks a day

Who was the Irish woman who became Rizal's companion in Dapitan?

Josephine Bracken

Why did Josephine Bracken originally come to Dapitan?

To seek medical treatment for her blind adoptive father, George Taufer

What was the name of Rizal and Josephine's son who died shortly after birth?

Francisco

Who founded the Katipunan on July 7, 1892?

Andres Bonifacio

Who was sent to Dapitan in 1896 to inform Rizal about the planned revolution?

Dr. Pio Valenzuela

What did the 'hut' and 'silence' symbolize in Rizal's poem 'Mi Retiro'?

His physical exile and inner refuge from injustice and betrayal

What business venture did Rizal partner in to produce over 400 bags monthly?

Lime manufacturing

What agricultural colony did Rizal envision but fail to establish due to lack of support?

An agricultural colony near Sindagan Bay

Which Philippine dialects did Rizal learn during his exile?

Bisayan and Subanum

What artistic project did Rizal help the Sisters of Charity with in Dapitan?

Preparing the sanctuary of the Holy Virgin in their private chapel

What was Rizal's most successful business venture in Dapitan?

The hemp trade

What did the sea symbolize in Rizal's poem 'Mi Retiro'?

His emotions, reflecting calm in hope and violence in despair