MASS MEDIA FINAL FUCKING TEST KEY TERMS

audiotape

lightweight magnetized stands of ribbon that make possible sound editing and multiple-track mixing; instrumentals or vocals can be recorded at one location and later mixed onto a master recording in another studio

stereo

the recording of two separate channels or tracks of sound

analog recording

recording made by capturing the fluctuations of the original sounds waves and storing those signals on records or cassettes as a continuous stream of magnetism

digital recording

a type of recording that translates sound waves into binary on-off pulses and stores that information as numerical codes. When a digital recording is played back, a microprocessor translates those numerical codes back into sounds and sends them to loudspeakers

compact discs (CDs)

playback-only storage discs for music that incorporate pure and very precise digital techniques, thus eliminating noise during recording and editing sessions

MP3

advanced type of audio compression that reduces file size, enabling audio to be uploaded to or downloaded from the internet in a short amount of time

pop music

popular music that appeals either to a wide cross-section of the public or to sizable subdivisions within the larger public

jazz

improvisational and mostly instrumental musical form that absorbs and integrates a diverse body of musical styles

blues

type of music emerging from Black spirituals, ballads, and works songs from the rural south

rock & roll

music that merged the Black sounds of rhythm and blues, gospel, and Robert Johnson’s screeching blues guitar with the white influences of country, folk, and pop vocals.

R&B

music that merges blues with big band sounds

rockabilly

music that mixes bluegrass and country influences with those of Black folk music and early amplified blues

cover music

songs recorded or performed by musicians who didn’t originally write or perform the music

soul

music mixing gospel and blues with lyrics drawn from the the American Black experience

folk

songs performed by untrained musicians and passed down mainly through oral traditions

folk rock

amplified folk music, often featuring politically overt lyrics; influenced by rock and roll

punk rock

rock music that challenges the orthodoxy and commercialism of the recording business

grunge

rock music that takes the spirit of punk and infuses it with more attention to melody

hip-hop

Black urban culture including rapping and sampling, break dancing, street clothes, and confrontational lyrics

Oligopoly

a market structure dominated by only a few large, profitable firms

indies

independent music and film production houses that work outside industry oligopolies they often produce less mainstream music and film

artists direct

artists who bypass all label representation

A&R agents

talent scouts of the music business who discover, develop, and sometimes manage performers

master recording royalties

the percentage of the recording profits that the music label pays to the artist/band

public performance royalties

the royalties paid out to songwriters and their publishers when music (live or recorded) is played publicly on radio; television; streaming; or in stores, bars, restaurants, and even stadiums and arenas

mechanical royalties

royalties from the sale/streaming of recording

synchronization royalties

royalties earned when music is used in a film, TV show, or commercial

advertising

any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor

industrialization

the movement from an economy based on agriculture to one based on manufacturing

modernization

the process of change from a society in which people’s identities are fixed at birth to one where people can decide who they want to be/what they want to do

economy of abundance

an economy in which there are as many or more goods available as there are people who want to or have the means to buy them

brand name

a word of phrase attached to prepackaged consumer goods so that they can be better promoted

local advertising

advertising designed to get people to patronize local stores, businesses, or service providers

direct-action advertising

advertising message designed to get consumers to go to a particular place to do something specific

national advertising

advertising designed to build demand for a nationally available product or service

in-direct action message

ad message designed to build the image of and demand for a product without urging specific action

advocacy ads

ads designed to promote messages of non-profit institutions and government agencies

PSA

ads designed to promote messages of non-profit institutions and government agencies

business to business ads

advertising that promotes products and services directly to other businesses rather than to the general consumer market

open contract

an arrangement that allows advertising agencies to sell space in any publication

the big idea

the goal of every advertising campaign - an advertising concept that will grab people’s attention and make them take notice, remember, and take action

brand image

the image attached to a brand

media planning

the process central to a successful ad campaign of figuring out which media to use, buying the media at the best rates, and then evaluating how effective the purchase was

CPM

cost per thousand

zoned coverage

when a newspaper targets news coverage or advertisements to a specific region of a city or market

drive time

the morning and afternoon commute in urban areas; the captive audience makes this a popular time to advertise on radio

targeting

the process of marketing to a specific market segment

clutter

large number of ads that compete for consumer attention

subliminal advertising

messages that are allegedly embedded so deeply in an ad that they cannot be perceived consciously

influencers

social media personalities who use their status to promote products and brands as paid sponsors

Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)

overall communication strategy for reaching key audiences

advertorial

ads in magazines and newspapers that take on the appearance of genuine editorial content

product integration

the paid integration of a product or service into the central theme of media content

above the fold

a term used to refer to a prominent story; it comes from placement of a news story in a broadsheet newspaper above the fold in the middle of the front page

yellow journalism

journalism based on sensationalism and crude exaggeration

photojournalism

that use of photos to document events and people’s lives

Halftone

an image produced by a process in which photographs are broken down into a series of dots that appear in shades of gray on the printed page

chains

groups of newspapers published by media conglomerates and today accounting for over four-fifths of the nation’s daily newspaper circulation

Watergate Scandal

a burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate office and apartment building that was authorized by rogue White House staffers. Its subsequent cover-up led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974. Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, two reporters from the Washington Post, covered the scandal

community press

weekly and daily newspapers serving individual communities or suburbs instead of an entire metropolitan area

fake news

a term used to describe satirical news, mistakes and fabrications, partisan clickbait, foreign political manipulation, and general purpose media criticism

pictograph

a prehistoric form of writing made up of painting on rock or cave walls

ideograph

a symbol in a writing system that represents a thing or an idea

emoji

small icon or picture to convey an emotion or idea

phonography

a system of writing in which symbols stand for spoken sounds rather than for objects or ideas

alphabets

a form of writing in which letters represent individual sounds

papyrus

a long-lasting, paper-like material made from reeds

parchment

writing material made from the skin of a sheep or goat

paper

the material that is used in the form of thin sheets for writing (wood pulp or cotton rags)

Scriptoria

a place where monks copied manuscripts

type mold

a mold in which a printer would pour molten lead to produce multiple, identical copies of a single letter without hard-carving each

font

a set of characters that have the same design

Bay Psalm Book

the first book published in North America by the Puritans in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The book went through more than 50 editions and stayed in print for 125 years.

serial novels

novels published and sold in single-chapter installments

dime novels

cheaply bound and widely circulated novels that became popular after the Civil War

royalty press

a steam-powered press invented in 1814 that could print many times faster than the older, hand-powered flat-bed presses

linotype

complex machine with typewriter-like keyboard to set type into line molten lead

publishers

the companies that buy manuscripts from authors, turn them into books, and market them to the public

trade books

general-interest titles, including fiction and nonfiction

university press

smallest, division in the book industry, nonprofit, published scholarly works for small groups of readers interested in intellectually specialized areas

proofs

the ready-to-print typeset pages sent to book authors for final corrections

inclusive access

where a textbook publisher licenses textbooks and other course materials to a school so that all students have access to them at a reduced cost

domestic novels

novels written in the 19th century by and for women that told the story of women who overcame tremendous problems to end up in prosperous middle-class homes

brick-and-mortar

actual buildings, such as stores and warehouses

e-book reader

a mobile device that is used primarily for reading e-books

pentagon papers

secret government documents published in 1971; revealed that the US gov has misled Americans about the Vietnam war

print on demand

technology prints books only when they are ordered by customers

Community Antenna Television (CATV)

an early form of cable television used to distribute broadcast channels in communities with poor tv reception

Big 3 Networks

ABC, CBS, NBC

video cassette recorder (VCR)

a storage device that records video on cassette tape in format that can be presented via television

direct broadcast satellite (DBS)

a satellite-based service that for a monthly fee downlinks hundreds of satellite channels and services; DBS began distributing video programming directly to households in 1994

video on demand

television channels that allow consumers to order movies, news, or other programs at any time over fiberoptic lines

high definition TV (HDTV)

modern tv technology that produces a much higher resolution image, sharper color, a wider aspect ration and superior audio

standard digital television

a standard for digital broadcasting that allows six channels to fit in the broadcast frequency space occupied by a single analog signal

PBS

a nonprofit broadcast network that provides a wide range of public service and educational programs. It is funded by government appropriations, private industry underwriting, and viewer support.

tv networks

the companies that provide programs to local stations around the country; the local affiliate stations choose which programs to carry

big 4 networks

ABC, CBS, FOX, NBC

people meter

a device used to measure when a TV is on, what channel it is tuned to, and who in the household is watching it

rating point

the percentage of the total potential television audience actually watching a particular show

share

the percentage of television sets in use that are tuned to a particular show