Cell Membrane Functions and Transport Mechanisms

Ion-dipole interactions

Increasing water flow into cells

Primary role of the cell membrane

Controlling movement of substances in and out of the cell

Vesicular transport

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Roles of membrane proteins

DNA replication

Harmful effects of drinking seawater

It causes cells to shrivel due to its hypertonic nature

Requirement for active transport

Energy (ATP)

Hydrophobic part of a phospholipid

The tail

Function of cholesterol in the cell membrane

Regulate membrane fluidity

Effect of administering large molecules intravenously

Blood volume and osmolarity

Facilitated diffusion

Polar molecules without the use of energy

Function of the glycocalyx

Facilitates cell recognition and immune responses

Composition of the phospholipid bilayer

Polar heads and nonpolar tails

Importance of tonicity

Influencing water movement across cell membranes

Composition of the plasma membrane

Phospholipids and proteins

Type of transport that does not require energy

Passive transport

Molecules passing through the membrane via simple diffusion

Small non-polar molecules

Primary function of the plasma membrane

Regulating movement of substances in and out of the cell

Components found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material

Effect of hypertonic solutions on cells

Shrink

Example of active transport in cells

Sodium-potassium pump

Determination of osmotic pressure

The difference in solute concentration across a membrane

Effect of isotonic solutions

No net movement of water

Thickness of the cell membrane

10 nanometers

Semi-permeability of the plasma membrane

It selectively allows certain substances to pass

Movement of substances in simple diffusion

From high to low concentration

Requirement for facilitated diffusion

Transport proteins

Effect of hypotonic solutions on cells

Cells swell and may burst

Process of diffusion

Particles moving from high to low concentration

Osmosis

Water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane

Molecules crossing the cell membrane via simple diffusion

Small non-polar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide