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Displacement
The change in position of an object, measured in meters (m).
Time
The duration or interval between two events, measured in seconds (s).
Velocity
The rate of change of displacement with respect to time, measured in meters per second (m/s).
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity with respect to time, measured in meters per second squared (m/s^2).
Vectors
Quantities that have both magnitude and direction, such as velocity, acceleration, and force.
Scalars
Quantities that only have magnitude, such as time, temperature, distance, and speed.
Distance
The total amount of ground covered by an object during its motion, measured in meters (m).
Speed
The rate of change of distance with respect to time, measured in meters per second (m/s).
Kinematic equations
Equations used to describe motion in a straight line, involving variables such as initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, displacement, and time.
Newton's Laws of Straight-Line Motion
Principles that describe the relationship between forces and motion.
Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.
External forces
Forces acting on an object from outside sources.
Work
The transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied to an object and it moves in the direction of the force.
Power
The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, measured in watts (W).
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change.
Kinetic energy
The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
Potential energy
The energy possessed by an object due to its position or condition.
Conservation of energy
The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
Work-Energy Principle
The principle that the work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
Decelerating
Slowing down
Acceleration due to gravity
The rate at which objects fall towards the Earth
Force
An action that causes motion
Inertia
The tendency of an object to remain in its current state of rest or motion
Newton's First Law
An object will remain at rest or in constant motion unless acted upon by an external net force
Newton's Second Law
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net external force applied and inversely proportional to its mass
Newton's Third Law
Every action has an equal but opposite reaction
Weight
The product of mass and acceleration due to gravity
Elevator
In a stationary elevator, weight is equal to mass times gravity. In an elevator going up, weight is equal to mass times the sum of gravity and acceleration. In an elevator going down, weight is equal to mass times the difference between gravity and acceleration.
Weightlessness
The state of experiencing zero net force and feeling no weight, often achieved in situations where the acceleration is equal to the acceleration due to gravity.
Weightlessness
The state of experiencing zero gravity, often achieved during freefall or in space.
Physiological effect
The impact on the body's functioning, such as feeling faint when getting up too quickly due to upward acceleration.
G-force
A measure of the total forces acting on a person, with 1 G being the force of gravity.
Work and Energy
Energy is the ability to do work, and work is calculated as force multiplied by displacement.
Types of Energy
Different forms of energy, such as kinetic energy (due to motion) and potential energy (due to position).
Conservation of Energy
The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
Mechanical Energy
The sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system.
Kinetic Energy
The energy possessed by an object due to its motion, calculated as 1/2 times mass times velocity squared.
Potential Energy
The energy possessed by an object due to its position, such as gravitational potential energy.
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
The total mechanical energy in a closed system remains constant, although there may be losses due to friction or air resistance.
Rollercoaster
An example of conservation of mechanical energy, where the mechanical energy of a rollercoaster cart is conserved despite changes in speed.
Power
The rate at which work is done, measured in watts.
Work-Energy Principle
The net work done on a body is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
Net work
The work done on an object, taking into account both the magnitude and direction of the force applied.
Work
The transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied to an object and it moves in the direction of the force.
Car
A motor vehicle with four wheels, typically used for transportation.
Engine
A machine that converts energy into mechanical motion, typically used to power vehicles.
Note 
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