Industrial Revolution Overview

Industrialism/Industrialization

Transition to machine-made goods, large-scale production, regimented work hours

Factors for Industrialization

Asymptotic production limits, global conflicts, new world colonies, coal discovery

Global Surge in Productivity

Increased labor input, Indian cotton export, wage differentials

Colonialism in India

Mughal decline, EIC's tax power, mercantilism, population increase

Mercantilism in India

British control over cotton exports, imposed by force

Population Increase

Growth in Britain and colonies, limits of artisanal productivity

Great Britain Advantages

Iron reserves, global connections, Enlightenment influence

Surging Population Impact

Demand increase, enclosure movement, Indian cotton competition

Technology of Industry

Inventions like flying shuttle, spinning jenny, waterframe, steam power

Interchangeability of Parts

Used for weapons, driven by French revolutionary wars

Textile Production

Major driver of early industrialization until 1830s

Urbanization Effects

40% Britons in cities by 1800

Mass Migration Impact

Emigration to various continents due to land and higher wages

Social Hierarchy Changes

Decline of aristocratic elites, rise of middle and working classes

Middle Class Evolution

Factory owners gain political influence, expansion of professional class

New Working Class Challenges

Controlled by machines, lack of safety measures, Luddite movement

Sexual Division of Labor

Men and women's roles, lower pay for women, domestic service expansion

Industry and Thought

Inspiration for perfect society, emergence of socialist movements

Utopian Socialism

Community prosperity concept, separate from mainstream society

Karl Marx's Materialism

Social structure based on production class relationships