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communication
information is exchanged between individuals through a common system
reasoning
thinking about something in a logical sensible way in order to form a conclusion
used to make decisions, solve problems & evaluate
two forms of reasoning
deductive reasoning
inductive reasoning
deductive reasoning
general to specific
conclusion is based on fact
inductive reasoning
specific to general
based in pattern or observation
adjective
describing word
fact / unbiased
verified with evidence
opinion / biased
based of belief and viewpoint, cannot be proven or verified
macro skills
receptive skills
productive skills
receptive skills
receiver
read
listen
productive skills
speaker/creator
write
speak
listening: types and process
listening
active listening
passive listening
listening
process of receiving, constructing meaning from and to respond spoken of and or nonverbal messages
active listening
reacting while listening
involves feedback and question
passive listening
listening without reacting or responding
does not involve feedback and questions
general types of listening
discriminative
comprehensive
discriminative
does not involve the understanding of the meaning of words or phrases but merely the different sounds that are produced
selecting words you only understand
comprehensive
understanding the messages that are being communicated
specific types of listening
informational
critical
therapeutic
informational
focus on receiving information
listening to learn
critical
evaluate and scrutinize what is being said
listening to evaluate and analyze
therapeutic
does not involve making judgement or offering advice
listening to understand the feeling and emotion
stages of listening
receiving
understanding
evaluate
responding
verbal
nonverbal
receiving
identify and interpret particular sound
identify speech words
understanding
listener determines the context and meanings of the word
understand message
evaluate
determine whether or not the information they heard and understand from the speaker is well constructed or disorganized
evaluates and asses the message
responding
listener provide verbal and/or nonverbal reactions
verbal
questions, request
nonverbal
nodding, making eye contact, fidgeting
Blocks of affecting listening
mind reading
rehearsing
filtering
judging
day dreaming
advising
sparring
being right
derailing
placating
comparing
indentifying
mind reading
prediction and assumption
you spend your time trying to figure out what will be said next
rehearsing
preparing your response
focusing on what you will reply
filtering
selection of information
selective attention only to certain types of information
judging
make negative criticism
speaker is someone you do not want to listen to.
day dreaming
carried away by the memories
disconnected from the speaker for a reason
advising
listen not advice
unsolicited advice can be quite annoying to the speaker
sparring
convincing that your opinion is better
communication is not about convincing someone else to change their point of view
being right
always having the last word
your goal is to be right which tends to be agressive
derailing
going off the topic
interrupt the speaker to say something that is quite off the topic
placating
agreeing too quickly, exaggeration
conversation is interrupted by excessive body language
comparing
asses who is the better and smarter
constantly compare yourself to the speaker
identifying
indentify your experience
you try to focus the conversation to your own experience
tips for effective listening
remove whatever blocks you
maintain eye contact
keep and open mind
try to visualize what the speaker is saying
Note
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