PSYCH 1023 - Social & Achievement Motivation

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Theory of psychology explaining human motivation based on the pursuit of different levels of needs. The theory states that humans are motivated to fulfil their needs in a hierarchical order. This order begins with the most basic needs before moving on to more advanced needs.

What does self-actualization mean?

The realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, especially considered as a drive or need present in everyone.

Is belonging a human need? Why?

The need to belong, or affiliation motivation is the motivation to maintain relationships that involve pleasant feelings such as warmth, affection, appreciation, & mutual concern for each person’s well-being. Loneliness is stressful as it weakens immune response & contributes to high blood pressure.

What is the difference between passionate & companionate love?

Passionate love or “falling in love” is a longing for physical & emotional intimacy. Dopamine is released when feeling like this, which can make falling in love like a drug.

Companionate love is the tenderness we feel when our life is intertwined with another person. Includes friendship, commitment, trust, & long-term stability of a relationship.

What causes the terror in Terror Management Theory?

A human fear of morality

This motivates behaviour, particularly those that preserve self-esteem & our sense of belonging.

How does morality salience lead to more extreme & conservative beliefs?

When we write about what happens when we die, we are more likely to think about death. This makes people more extreme in their beliefs & more politically conservative, as those in conservative parties (Trump for example) continuously mention being under threat.

How does an approach goal differ from an avoidance goal?

Approach-oriented goals involve reaching or maintaining desired outcomes. Avoidance goals focus on avoiding or eliminating undesired outcomes.

What 3 things contribute towards motivation according to self-determination theory?

Competence – mastery, being/feeling effective at one’s activity.

Autonomy – having a choice, endorsing one’s own behaviour.

Relatedness – feeling connected to others, sense of belonging.

How is intrinsic motivation different from extrinsic motivation?

Intrinsic motivation - motivated to perform an activity for its own sake & personal rewards.

Extrinsic motivation -  motivated to perform an activity to earn a reward or avoid a punishment.