Hot Water Supply and Plumbing Fixtures

Flashcards covering hot water supply, plumbing fixtures, and water distribution systems.

14.7 psi (one atmosphere).

Atmospheric Pressure at Sea Level

50–60°C.

Standard Hot Water Supply Temperature

Up to 65°C for hygienic standards.

Special Temperature for Canteens/Kitchens

Legionella Prevention

Stored hot water should be regularly heated to at least 60°C.

Should not exceed 40–50°C.

Safe Temperature in Kindergartens

35°C.

Temperature for Hand Washing

Approximately 38°C.

Temperature for Showers & Kitchen Activities

45°C.

Temperature for General Kitchen Activities

Above 65°C, mixed with cold water to achieve desired temps.

Hot Water Storage Temperature

Copper, brass, stainless steel, CPVC, PPr, PEX pipes.

Suitable Materials for Hot Water Lines

CPVC Material Standard

Thermoplastic meeting ASTM Class 23447 as defined in ASTM Specification D1784.

CPVC Applications

Potable water distribution, corrosive fluid handling, fire suppression.

Up-feed and Gravity Return System Use

Small residential houses and industrial installations.

Overhead Feed System Efficiency

Efficient for buildings with extreme heights.

Overhead Feed System Principle

Distribution depends on expansion of hot water and gravity.

Pump Circuit System Use

Efficient circulation to upper floors in multi-storey buildings.

Uses a range boiler (small) or storage boiler (large).

Centralized Hot Water Supply

Instantaneous Hot Water Supply

Water is heated on demand.

Typically 2 to 5 liters.

Instantaneous Heater Capacity

Office Building Hot Water Consumption

4 to 5 gallons per person per hour.

2 to 3 gallons per person per hour.

School Building Hot Water Consumption

8 to 10 gallons per person per hour.

Hotel Hot Water Consumption

4 to 6 gallons per person per hour.

Factories Hot Water Consumption

10 gallons per person per hour.

Residential Hot Water Consumption

25%.

Working Load - School, Office, Industrial

35%.

Working Load - Apartments/Residences

50%.

Working Load - Hotel

Sanitation/hygiene and meeting comfort/operational needs.

Essential Hot Water Reasons

Copper pipes.

Best Material for Hot Water Lines

Overhead Feed and Gravity Return System.

Efficient Hot Water Distribution Type

Plumbing Fixtures Definition

Receptacles to receive water/waste and discharge into drainage system.

Water Closet Function

Conveys organic body waste into the plumbing system.

Round Type.

Water Closet Shape - Private Install

Elongated Type.

Water Closet Shape - Public Install

30.5 cm from finished wall.

Sanitary Pipe Setback

Min. 10 cm from floor, right side.

Water Supply Outlet Height

Around 74 inches (6’2”) from the shower pan.

Shower Head Height

Installed 90–100 cm from the floor.

Shower Valve Height

Lower elevation near water-supplying fixtures.

Floor Drain Placement

Bidet Function

For washing female intimate parts.

Urinal Function

Exclusively for urinating.

Kitchen Sink Function

Collects water/waste, conveys to drainage system.

Lavatory Function

Basin for washing hands and face.

Water Closet

Fixture for conveying body waste

Squat Type

Installed flat on the floor

Simple Water Closet (e.g., wash down type)

Without water tank

Lavatory

Used for face/hand washing

Bidet

For female intimate hygiene

Wash Down Type Water Closet

Flushes using wash-down action

Household Water Supply Component: Riser

Vertical pipe extends from one floor to the next

Branches

Horizontal pipes serving fixtures