HOSA Clinical Nursing Combine Flashcards for MC Exam

______ ______ also are unpredictable responses to a medication

Allergic reactions

______ ______ develop after prolonged intake of a medication, when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion, or when too high a dose is given

Toxic effects

______ ______ is enough of a drug to produce the desired physiological response, but not enough to cause toxicity

Therapeutic response

______ disorders are thought to be caused by multiple biologic, psychologic, sociocultural, and spiritual factors

Eating

______ drug effects are unintended, undesirable, and often unpredictable

Adverse

______ is an ongoing development process that begins at conception and ends at death

Aging

______ is fastest, directly into the blood stream

IV (intravenous)

______ is second fastest, injected into muscle then absorbed into the bloodstream

IM (intramuscular)

______ is slowest, swallowed by the patient, then goes through the stomach, then the first pass effect, then absorbed by the digestive tract

PO (per os/by mouth)

______ is the biomedical science of old age and the application of knowledge related to the biologic, biomedical, behavioral, and social aspects of aging to the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care of older people

Geriatrics

______ is the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of administration

Absorption

______ is the study of aging

Gerontology

______ is the study of aging

Gerontology

______ is third fastest, injected into subcutaneous tissue, then absorbed slower than IM

SQ/SC (subcutaneous)

______ measures to reduce patient anxiety and increase knowledge about the surgical experience may actually decrease complications

Nursing

______ nurses sign their names on the required form

Both

______ nursing aims to increase healthy behaviors in the aged, minimize and compensate for health-related losses and impairments of aging, and facilitate the diagnosis, care, and treatment of disease in the aged

Gerontological

______ procedure includes a more extensive procedure than a biopsy

Exploratory

______ procedure involves the removal and study of tissue to make an accurate diagnosis

Diagnostic

______ procedure is made to remove diseased tissue or to correct defects

Curative

______ procedure is performed to correct serious defects that affects appearance

Cosmetic

______ procedure relieves symptoms or improves function without correcting the basic problem

Palliative

Surgical procedures classified by purpose are:

1. diagnostic

2. exploratory

3. curative

4. palliative

5. cosmetic

______ recognition and reporting of ADEs will prevent serious injury to patients

Prompt

______ teaching should include surgical preparation; what to expect in the surgical suite and the PACU; what tubes, dressings, or equipment may be in place after surgery; and how patient participation can promote ______

Preoperative/surgery

______ that affect surgical outcomes are age, nutritional status, fluid and electrolyte balance, medical diagnoses, drugs, and habits such as use of tobacco and alcohol

Variables

_______ ______ are predictable and often unavoidable secondary effects produced at a usual therapeutic drug dose

Side effects

_______ are made of smaller units called amino acids

Proteins

________ ________ workers must consider the way a disabled individual functions within the family and the patient and family should be involved from the outset in determining the plan of care

Health care

________ are a major source of energy for muscle tissue, even when glucose is available

Lipids

________ are at risk for megaloblastic anemia if adequate _______ ______ is not added to the diet

Vegetarians/vitamin B12

________ is the largest component of the body and body tissues are essential to all life processes in the body

Water

_________ and _________ are micronutrients; they are needed in small amounts for good health

Vitamins/minerals

___________ in activities of daily living is the best indicator of who will need nursing home placement

Dependence

A medication's ______ ______ determines the organ of excretion. For example, gaseous and volatile compounds, such as alcohol and nitrous oxide, exit through the ______

Chemical makeup/lungs

A patient's trough level is drawn as a blood sample ______ ______ before administering the drug, and the peak level is drawn whenever the drug is expected to reach its peak ______

30 minutes/concentration

adverse effect

a response that is not intended or desired

After a medication is absorbed, it is ______ to tissues and organs and finally to the site of drug action

Distributed

After a medication reaches its site of action, it becomes ______ into a less active or inactive form

Metabolized

After preoperative medications are given the patient should ______ in bed

Remain

Age-related ______ that contribute to a decreased ability to clear drugs through the ______ and renal system place the older adult at risk for adverse drug effects

Changes/liver

agonist

a medication that produces a desired response

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

All ______ should be stored in a locked cabinet

Narcotics

Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by itching, reddened eyes with watery discharge and the conjunctiva has what type of appearance?

Cobblestone

Although ________ are the body's main source of food energy, ________ are the most concentrated source

Carbohydrates/fats

ambulatory care

health care settings located in areas that are convenient for people to walk into and receive care; may be provided in hospitals, clinics, or centers

ambulatory nursing

may be delivered in a healthcare provider's office or clinic, urgent-care center, community health center, day-surgery center, or in the client's home.

amnion

inner membrane surrounding the fetus

amniotic fluid

fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus

Among the different classes of medications, ______ cause a high incidence of allergic reactions

Antibiotics

analgesics

medications that relieve pain

anaphylaxis

the medication causes the client to experience a severe, immediately life threatening, allergic reaction

Anemia

A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.

anitgens

complex molecules that don't belong in your body

Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating disorder are ______ disorders that often begin in adolescence

Eating

antagonist

a medication that acts against other other medication

antineoplastic medications

medications designed to combat cancer.

artifical insemination

artificial insertion of semen

As an effective member of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, the __________ is a care planner, teacher, caregiver, counselor, coordinator, and advocate

Nurse

As an effective member of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, the __________ is a care planner, teacher, caregiver, counselor, coordinator, and advocate

Nurse

assisted living

a living arrangement for elderly people that combines privacy and independence with medical supervision

at the time of birth

a nurse needs to promote bonding and attachment

At what age is visual acuity 20/20?

7

Ativan, an antianxiety medication, which given to an older adult may cause ______ and ______

Agitation/delirium

autoimmune disorders

cause the body's immune system to assault its own tissue as if it were a foreign invader

Because of the normal decline in metabolism and physical activity, _______ needs lessen with age

Energy

Before ______, the patient or legal guardian must sign a legal ______ form.

Surgery/consent

Blastocyst

before the morula reaches the uterus, the cells begin to form layers, two layers surrond a fluid-filled space

By ages 2 to 3 most children have a visual acuity of?

20/50

By what month is the auditory nerve function mature in the infant?

5

cancer of the _________ tract is most often found in the renal tubes or the renal pelvis

urinary

cardinal movements

the turns and movements made during the journey of the fetus; referred to as the mechanisms of delivery

cardiovascular disorders

disorders that involve the heart and blood circulation system

cardiovascular system

the heart, along with blood vessels and tissues that transport blood to and from all parts of the body

Care delivered in long term residential facility is based on 3 principles:

1. promotion of independence

2. maintenance of function

3. maintenance of autonomy (freedom from external authority to make decisions about one's health and health care)

Caring for what type of patient requires the coordinated services of a large number of health care professionals to help patients stay healthy and prevent complications or injuries?

Disabled

categories of high risk new borns

newborn birth weight, gestational age

categories of signs of pregnancy

presumptive signs, probable sings, positive signs

causes of anorexia

infection, GI disorders, mental illness, poor dentition, mouth or throat cancer

causes of cough

abnormal substances in respiratory tract, noxious irritation to the respiratory mucous membranes, cancer, tuberculosis, allergies

causes of cyanosis (bluish coloration of skin and mucous membranes)

low oxygen levels in the blood, anemia, lung disorders, heart and circulatory disorders

causes of diarrhea

GI inflammation or obstruction, medication side effect, fecal impaction, bulimia

causes of dyspnea (shortness of breath)

low blood oxygen levels due to respiratory disease or obstruction, chemical imbalances, kidney disorders, pneumonia, lung cancer

causes of edema

circulatory disease, local inflammation or infection, malnutrition, electrolyte imbalance, kidney disorders, fluid retention, obesity

causes of emesis (vomiting)

GI inflammation, infection or obstruction, irritation of GI lining, electrolyte imbalance, bulimia, medication side effect

causes of fatigue

sleep deprivation, poor nutrition, inflammation, infection, depression, circulatory disorders

causes of fever

inflammation, infection, brain dysfunction, drug toxicity

causes of hemorrhage (abnormal or unexpected bleeding)

trauma or injury to tissues, nutritional losses, blood clotting disorders, high blood pressure, cancers, certain medications and herbal supplements

causes of jaundice (yellowish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes)

obstruction of bile pathways due to gallstones, inflammation, tumors, liver disorders

causes of malaise (generalized discomfort)

infection, biochemical imbalances, various diseases, emotional difficulties

Causes of mental illness

inherited traits, environmental exposures before birth, brain chemistry

causes of pallor (paleness)

acute or chronic blood loss, nutritional deficiencies, hypothermia, panic, trauma, anemia

chorion

outermost layer that surrons the embyro and fluid cavity

client crying, depressed, or angry

the nurse should look for a place of isolation for the client or an inability to control frustrations

client lacking oxygen

the nurse should look for cyanosis (blueness of skin) and difficulty breathing

client likely to fall

the nurse should look for an unsteady gait, bruising on the limbs, or a history of paralysis

client rights for drugs

right to know the name, action, possible side effects of their medication, and a right to refuse medications, unless a court order is in place. additionally, a right to request the generic form (less expensive) of prescribed medications

cognitive impairment

Changes in an individual's ability to function intellectually

common mood disorders

depression, manic disorder, bipolar

Symptoms: Fast weight change, change in sleep patterns, Isolation Treatment: Antidepressants, and psychotherapy