C

Sci 10 Unit A Section 1

Physical Properties

  • Boiling point or condensation point (evaporation)

  • Melting or freezing point

  • Malleability - ability to be beaten or rolled into sheets

  • Ductility - ability to be stretched

  • Color

  • State - solid, liquid, gas

  • Solubility - ability to dissolve

  • Crystal formation

  • Conductivity - ability to conduct heat or electricity

  • Magnetism

Chemical Properties

  • Ability to burn

  • Flash point - temperature needed to ignite a flame

  • reaction with water

  • behaviour in air

  • reaction with acids

  • reaction to heat

  • reaction to red and blue litmus

Change of state of matter

Atomic of Theory of Matter

  • John Dalton - “The billiard ball model”

- Atoms are tiny, indivisible particles of elements

- All elements are composed of atoms

- Atoms of the same element are identical

- Atoms combine in fixed ratios to form compounds

  • J.J Thompson - “plum pudding model”

    • Atom consists of one large positive charge and many negative charges inside of it

    • Experimented with the cathode ray tube

  • Ernest Rutherford - “planetary or planet model “

    • Every atom has a small dense positive core named the nucleus

    • Experimented with gold foil to prove there is a nucleus in a atom

      cub_electricity_lesson02_fig3

  • Neils Bohr - electrons are arranged around the nucleus in specific orbits. Electron Shells (2,8,8,2).

Keywords

Physical Properties: describes the physical appearance and composition of a substance

Chemical Properties - describes the reactivity of a substance

Physical Change - change to a substance in which the composition of the substance stays the same. Ex: Ice cream and Ice

  • It is reversible (melting and freezing)

Chemical Change/Reactions - when two or more materials react and create new materials. Ex: burning wood, baking a cake

  • The change is irreversible

  • formation of a new substance with new physical and chemical properties

  • release or absorption of energy

  • change in colour

  • formation of odour

Pure substances - contain only one type of particle and they cannot be broken down into another substance

Element - made up of only type of atom.

Compounds - made of two or more elements

Mixtures - contain two or more pure substances

Homogeneous mixtures - appear to be made up of only one substance (they look the same throughout)

Mechanical Mixture or Heterogeneous mixture - separate components are visible

  • Suspension - components are in different states.

  • Colloid - particles of the suspended substances are so small that they cannot be easily separated out from the other substance. Ex: milk