Sci 10 Unit A Section 1

Physical Properties

• Boiling point or condensation point (evaporation)

• Melting or freezing point

• Malleability - ability to be beaten or rolled into sheets

• Ductility - ability to be stretched

• Color

• State - solid, liquid, gas

• Solubility - ability to dissolve

• Crystal formation

• Conductivity - ability to conduct heat or electricity

• Magnetism

Chemical Properties

• Ability to burn

• Flash point - temperature needed to ignite a flame

• reaction with water

• behaviour in air

• reaction with acids

• reaction to heat

• reaction to red and blue litmus

Change of state of matter

Atomic of Theory of Matter

• John Dalton - “The billiard ball model”

- Atoms are tiny, indivisible particles of elements

- All elements are composed of atoms

- Atoms of the same element are identical

- Atoms combine in fixed ratios to form compounds

• J.J Thompson - “plum pudding model”

  • Atom consists of one large positive charge and many negative charges inside of it

  • Experimented with the cathode ray tube

• Ernest Rutherford - “planetary or planet model “

  • Every atom has a small dense positive core named the nucleus

  • Experimented with gold foil to prove there is a nucleus in a atom

    

• Neils Bohr - electrons are arranged around the nucleus in specific orbits. Electron Shells (2,8,8,2).

Keywords

Physical Properties: describes the physical appearance and composition of a substance

Chemical Properties - describes the reactivity of a substance

Physical Change - change to a substance in which the composition of the substance stays the same. Ex: Ice cream and Ice

• It is reversible (melting and freezing)

Chemical Change/Reactions - when two or more materials react and create new materials. Ex: burning wood, baking a cake

• The change is irreversible

• formation of a new substance with new physical and chemical properties

• release or absorption of energy

• change in colour

• formation of odour

Pure substances - contain only one type of particle and they cannot be broken down into another substance

Element - made up of only type of atom.

Compounds - made of two or more elements

Mixtures - contain two or more pure substances

Homogeneous mixtures - appear to be made up of only one substance (they look the same throughout)

Mechanical Mixture or Heterogeneous mixture - separate components are visible

• Suspension - components are in different states.

• Colloid - particles of the suspended substances are so small that they cannot be easily separated out from the other substance. Ex: milk