Aeneas to the Third Punic War Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from Aeneas to the Third Punic War in ancient Rome.

Aeneas

A member of the royal family after the Trojan War, son of Aphrodite, who received a divine message to establish a great empire in Central Italy.

Romulus

Brother of Remus who killed Remus on Palatine Hill and became the first king of Rome.

Etruscans

A population that lived near Rome, influential in shaping early Roman religion and culture.

Tarquinius Superbus

The last king of Rome, known as an evil tyrant.

Lucretia

A noblewoman whose tragic fate after being attacked led to the end of the monarchy.

L. Junius Brutus

Leader who expelled the Tarquins and helped establish the Roman Republic to prevent absolute power.

Patricians

Wealthy landowners who formed the governing elite in early Rome.

Plebs

The poorer citizens of Rome, making up 95% of the population, who had limited rights.

Centuriate Assembly

An assembly divided into Centuries based on wealth, with voting power skewed towards the wealthy.

Senate

The most important political body in Rome, serving for life without term limits, dominated by Patricians.

Consul

One of the two annually elected magistrates holding both military and civil powers, akin to a king.

Conflict of the Orders

The struggle from 494-297 BC of Plebians to gain more civil rights.

Mutiny 'Seditio'

A strike by Plebians during wartime to demand concessions from the Patricians.

Tribal Assembly

An assembly that elected magistrates and made legislative decisions, with voting power for each tribe.

Tribunes

Officials who protected the Plebians' interests and could convene the Tribal Assembly.

12 Tables

The first written compilation of Roman statutory law establishing rights and duties.

Nobiles

The class of people composed of Patricians and wealthy Plebians.

Gloria

Latin term for glory or fame.

Dignitas

Latin term for dignity.

Auctoritas

Latin term for authority or influence.

praenomen/nomen/cognomen

Terms for first name, middle name, and last name in Roman naming conventions.

Rostra

A raised platform in the Roman Forum used for speeches and performances.

Forum

The central place in Rome for political activities, adjacent to Palatine Hill.

Socii

Allies of Rome, one half of a conquered population, some of whom could gain citizenship.

Legion

The elite infantry of Rome, formed partly from prisoners of war.

Quinquereme

A type of ancient Roman naval ship with five banks of oars.

Carthage

Originally part of the Phoenician Empire, it became an independent empire known for its rivalry with Rome.

1st Punic War

A major conflict between Rome and Carthage centered around control of Sicily.

Messana

The site of the first engagement between Rome and Carthage in the First Punic War.

Drepanum

Carthaginian base in the First Punic War, conquered by Romans in 241 BC.

Battle of Cape Ecnomus

A significant naval battle during the First Punic War in 256 BCE, where Rome emerged victorious.

Corvus

A naval boarding device used by Romans in naval warfare.

M. Atilius Regulus

Roman general active in the First Punic War.

Aegates Islands

Location of a decisive battle in 241 BC that resulted in Carthaginian defeat in the First Punic War.

Hamilcar Barca

Carthaginian general known for his military strategy during the First Punic War.

C. Flaminius

The Roman leader who fought at the Battle of Cynoscephalae.

Hannibal Barca

A Carthaginian general whose campaigns during the Second Punic War included the famous attack on Rome.

2nd Punic War

A series of battles between Rome and Carthage from 218-202 BC.

Battle of Trebia

The first significant battle of the Second Punic War where Hannibal defeated Roman forces.

Q. Fabius Maximus Cunctator

Roman military commander known for his cautious tactics during the Second Punic War.

P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus

Roman general credited for defeating Hannibal at the Battle of Zama.

Zama

Decisive battle in the Second Punic War that marked a turning point in the conflict.

Antiochus III

King of the Seleucid Empire known for his conflicts against Rome.

Battle of Magnesia

The 190 BC battle where Romans won against the Seleucid Empire, leading to their decline.

Perseus

The last king of Macedon captured after the Battle of Pydna.

P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus

General responsible for leading the Romans in the Third Punic War.

3rd Punic War

Final conflict resulting in the complete destruction of Carthage.

Polybius

Historian who wrote 'The Histories', chronicling the rise of Rome.