French culture examen 2

Les emprunts

• Emprunter = une langue (A) emprunte un élément à une langue (B)

• A = langue source

• B = langue cible

• Les éléments = lexique, syntaxe et sémantique

Les ‘vrais’ emprunts

• The identical transfer of morpho-syntax from one language to another (same meaning)

• Foreign pronunciation + spelling (not adapted to French morphologie)

• Eg. un cocktail; un clown; un robot; un pizza

Les emprunts françaises morphologiquement

• Words which are integrated by adapting the grammatical, phonological + spelling rules

• Eg. une redingote -> riding coat; un bifteck -> beef steak

Les ‘faux’ emprunts

• Words that come from another language but in reality, are unknown to the speakers of the language + aren’t used

• Eg. parking; tennisman; camping

Les mots voyageurs

• Words that travel globally from one language to another through the bias of commerce, culture, technology etc and are sometimes adapted

• Eg. l’internet; le taxi

Les emprunts sémantiques

• Words aren’t borrowed but their semantics are

• Existing French word receives a new meaning under the influence of a foreign language

• Eg. réaliser; initier

Les emprunts refuses/rejetés

• Foreign words that are either quickly replaced or coexist with French equivalent, rejected because of the desire to preserve one’s own cultural identity

• Eg. computer -> ordinateur