World History Review

Flashcards of vocabulary terms from world history lecture notes.

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophy that maintained a hierarchical society by removing Buddhist influences from Confucianism, emphasizing filial piety.

Filial Piety

The Confucian principle emphasizing the necessity of children obeying and honoring their parents and ancestors.

Imperial Bureaucracy

A government entity in Song China that carried out the emperor's directives, staffed by individuals who passed the civil service exam.

Sinification

The influence of Chinese culture, particularly the civil service exam, on neighboring countries such as Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.

Commercialization (Song Dynasty)

The shift in the Song Dynasty to producing more goods than consumed, leading to trade with China and Eurasia.

Champa Rice

A drought-resistant rice variety introduced to China that allowed for multiple harvests per year.

Grand Canal

A significant transportation achievement in China that connected the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.

Abbasid Caliphate

An ethnically Arab caliphate that began to decline due to luxurious lifestyles and dependence on advisors, leading to the formation of smaller states ruled by ethnic Turks.

Seljuk Empire

A Turkish empire that gained power and fought with the Abbasids, administering states militarily.

Bhakti Movement

A Hindu movement that emphasized devotion to one god and sought to erase distinctions between Hinduism and Islam.

Delhi Sultanate

A Muslim-controlled sultanate that ruled most of Northern India.

Aztec Tributary System

A system where conquered people were required to provide labor and goods to the Aztecs.

Chinampas

Floating gardens used by the Aztecs to produce crops.

Inca Mit'a System

A labor system where people provided service like state farming, military service, and construction.

Carpa Nan

Roads created by the Inca empire.

Swahili Civilization

Politically independent with a common social hierarchy, influenced by Muslim traders

Ghana and Mali

Kingdoms of the grasslands where gold and salt was traded. Mansa Musa ruled Mali and devalued gold.

Feudalism

System of allegiances between powerful people, where vassals would get land in exchange for military service.

Manorialism

Land owned by lords that rented it out to serfs.

Canavanseria

Provided safety along routes and allowed for cultural diffusion.

Diasporic Communities

Settlement of ethnic people in places, not their homeland.

Zheng He

Sent by the Ming dynasty

Battuta

Wrote detailed notes about places and cultures.

Ottoman Empire

Gained power by adopting gunpowder weapons

Devershime

Government style created by the Ottomans where they would get Christian boys and send them to administer or military.

Janissaries

Boy military in the Ottoman Empire created by registering Christian boys.

Safavids

Expanded through the use of gunpowder.

Zamindar

Created by Akbar, people bidded to be tax collectors and got some money from it.

Divine Right of Kings

The belief that religious leaders put them in a high spot.

Palace of Versailles

Built by Louis XIV.

Tax farming

Ottoman system where you got the right to tax subjects to tax people.

95 Theses

Written by Martin Luther an used as a printing press to spread his ideas.

Absolutism

Monarchy rules by divine right.

Shah Ismail

Declared that Safavids would adhere to Shi'a Islam.

Sikhism

Syncretic blend of Hindu and Islamic doctrines.

Mercantilism

Saw the world's wealth as a pie and wanted all of it, maintain economies by using favorable balance of trade to avoid imports and focus on exports.

Dutch East Indies Company

Joint-stock company funded by private investors.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Split up Latin America

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of new diseases, food, plants and animals.

Cash Cropping

Focuses on growing crops usually a single crop.

Triangular trade

Africa to America: slaves, America to Europe: Raw materials, Europe to Africa: Manufactured goods.

Tokugawa Japan

Japan isolated themselves and traded almost only to the dutch.

Maroon Societies

Runaway slaves

Chattel Slavery

Slavery where purchasers had total ownership over the enslaved person.

Indentured Servitude

Sign contract and work for a period of time.

Encomienda System

Americans forced to provide labor for Spanish in exchange for food and protection.

Hacienda

Indigenous laborers forced to work in the fields of large plantations.

Casta System

Organized into series of ranks based on race and ancestry.

Enlightenment

Based on logical reasons and rationale ideas.

Abolitionism

Emerged to end slavery.

Zionism

Gave Jews a right to their homeland.

Declaration of Independence

Created to give freedom from Europe.

Dessalines

Helped formally gain Haiti's freedom.

Industrial Revolution

Automatic machinery created along with interchangeable parts which allowed manufacturing to go quicker.

Laissez-faire capitalism

Promoted free market

Socialism

State controls all means of production and end to capitalist exploitation.

Civil service exams

Emerged in Europe

Imperialism

Domination for more powerful nations over subject lands.

Berlin Conference

Avoid conflict between Europeans and create rules for colonization of Africa.

Monroe Doctrine

Issued to keep Europeans from intervening in affairs.

Treaty of Gaudalupe Hidalgo

US pays Mexico money for land.

Sepoy Mutiny

Britain failed to understand religion.

Culture system

People choose between making crops or labor.

Treaty of Nanking

Opened ports to British.