APES Unit 3

What are characteristics of Specialists?

K-Selected, smaller ranges of tolerance, prone to extinction, less adaptive

What are characteristics of Generalists?

R-selected, larger ranges of tolerance, less prone to extinction, more adaptive

What are characteristics of K-Selected species?

Few offspring, more parental care, longer lifespans, low biotic potential, slower population growth

What are characteristics of R-Selected species?

Many offspring, less parental care, shorter lifespans, high biotic potential, faster population growth, likely to be invasive

What are the three types of Survivorship Curves?

Type 1: Many live through infancy, more die off in adulthood

Type 2: Constant linear decline in mortality, meaning organisms die throughout their lifespan

Type 3: Many deaths in infancy, less deaths in adulthood

What is Overshoot and Die-Off in a realistic representation of carrying capacity?

Overshoot occurs when a population briefly exceeds the carrying capacity, followed by die-off, a sharp decrease in population due to resource depletion

What is Biotic Potential? What is the difference between the logistic growth and exponential graph of Biotic Potential?

The max potential growth rate of a species without limiting resources, depicted as a exponential curve. The realistic depiction of Biotic Potential includes carrying capacity to limit population size, resulting in an S-Shaped logistic growth graph.

What is population momentum?

The phenomenon that allows the overall population of an area to continuing increasing even when the fertility rate declines below replacement level due to younger people replacing older people and having more children.

What are the four stages of Demographic Transition?

Pre-Industrialized: High Birth Rates to combat High Death Rates

Industrializing/Developing: Decreasing Death Rates and Increasing Birth Rates, causing fast population growth

Industrialized/Developed: Stable Birth and Death Rates with slightly declining Birth Rates

Post-Industrialized/Highly Developed: Very Low Birth and Death Rates, leading to population decline

Formula for Population Change

(Immigrations + Births) - (Emigrations + Deaths)

What is TFR and IMR and how do they correlate?

the Total Fertility Rate is the average nuumber of children a woman has in her lifetime and the Infant Mortality Rate measures the number of deaths for children <1 year old per 1,000 people. The higher the IMR, the higher the TFR will be to replace the dying children.

What is CBR and CDR?

The Crude Birth Rate and Crude Death Rate is the amount of Births/Deaths per 1,000 people

Growth Rate Formula (returns a percentage)

(CBR-CDR)/10

% Change Formula

(Final value- Initial value)/Initial value

Doubling Time Formula/Rule of 70

70/growth rate = the amount of years it takes for a population to double