HHD -Chapter 1

Health status indicators

Morbidity, mortality, BOD, self'-assessed, life expectancy, HALE

Mortality

Refers to death, particularly at a population level (infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate, maternal mortality rate)

Morbidity

Ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group (incidence and prevalence)

Incidence

The number of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period

Prevalence

The total number of cases of a particular disease/condition present in a population at a given time.

Burden on disease (BOD)

Measure of the impact of disease or injury, which measures the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation (DALY=YLL+YLD)

Life expectancy

An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years a person has to live if death rates don’t change.

Self-assessed health status

A measure based on a person’s own opinion about how they feel about their health and wellbeing.

DALY

Disability adjusted life years. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.

YLD

Years of life lost due to illness, disease or infirmity

YLL

Years of life lost due to premature death

Health-adjusted life expectancy

Average length of time an individual can live without injury or disease

Infant mortality rate

The rate of death in infants before their 1st birthday, usually per 1000 live births

Maternal mortality

Death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within 6 weeks of delivery

Under-five mortality rate

Number of deaths of children under 5 per 1000 births

Dynamic

Continually changing

Communicable diseases

Infectious disease that is transmitted from the environment

Health and wellbeing

The state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and enagaged.

Illness

A subjective concept related to a personal experience of a disease or injury

Social H+W

Relates to the ability to form meaningful connections, and ability to adapt appropriately to different social situations. It includes level of support provided by by family.

Emotional H+W

Ability to express and manage emotions as well as display resilience. It relates to the degree in which an individual feels emotionally secure in eevryday life.

Mental H+W

Current state of mind and ability to think and process information. Mentally healthy individuals are able to positively form opinions and make descions.

Physical H+W

Relates to functioning of body and its systems, includes the physical capacity to peform daily activites or tasks.

Spiritual H+W

Relates to beliefs, values, ideas and ethics that arise in the mind. It includes the concepts of hope, peace and reflection.