Chapter 1

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20 Terms

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Disability

is a label, and like any label, the members of the labeled group are diverse and may exhibit the label in unexpected ways

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Disorder

the broadest of the three terms, refers to a general abnormality in mental, physical, or psychological functioning.

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Impairment

goes one step further to indicate that the disorder creates a barrier to typical functioning.

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Disability

is more specific than an impairment and is associated with a loss of physical functioning (e.g., loss of sight, hearing, or mobility), or a challenge in learning and social adjustment that significantly interferes with typical growth and development.

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handicap

is a limitation imposed on an individual by demands in the en-vironment and is related to the individual's ability to adapt or adjust to those demands.

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handicap

has taken on a very negative connotation and is seldom used in today's society.

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handicap

literally means "cap in hand"

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Developmental Approach

can be described by using statistics (and milestones) occur most frequently at a specific age.

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typical

is defined by what any given society values.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

people with disabilities faced discrimination in employment, access to public and private accommodations and services offered through state and local governments

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Employment, treansportation, public accommodatioon, government, telecommunication

Major Provisions of ADA

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Employment

ADA mandates that employers may not discriminate in any employment practices, including job application procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, training, and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employment. It applies to recruitment, advertising, tenure, layoff, leave, fringe benefits, and all other employment-related activities. The law applies to any business with 15 or more employees.

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Transportation

. ADA requires that all new public transit buses, bus and train stations, and rail systems must be accessible to people with disabilities. Transit authorities must provide transportation services to individuals with disabilities who cannot use fixed-route bus services. All Amtrak stations are now accessible to people with disabilities. Discrimination by air carriers in areas other than employment is not covered by the ADA, but rather by the Air Carrier Access Act (49 U.S.C. §1374 [c]).

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Public accommodations

. Restaurants, hotels, and retail stores may not discriminate against individuals with disabilities. Physical barriers in existing facilities must be removed, if removal is readily achievable. If not, alternative methods of providing the services must be offered. All new construction and alterations of facilities must be accessible.

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Government

. State and local agencies may not discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities. All government facilities, services, and communications must be accessible to people with disabilities.

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Telecommunications

. ADA requires that all companies offering telephone service to the general public must offer telephone relay services to individuals with hearing loss who use telecommunication devices or similar equipment.

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Medical model

Model by which human development is viewed according to two dimensions: normal and pathological

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Normal

refers to the absence of biological problems

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pathological

refers to alterations in the organism caused by disease

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Pathology

Alterations in an organism that are caused by disease.