crju final

social control

rules, habits, norms, and other ways a society gets its people to conform in a way that’s best for society.

criminal justice

the social institution that is responsible for detecting & detaining, adjudicating & punished, and rehabilitating & reforming crime (4 c’s)

Implicit Bias

Attitude or internalized stereotype that unconsciously affects our perceptions, actions, and decisions.

magna carta

document that grants our fundamental rights

criminal law

more serious offenses against the state/public. ex: murder, theft, assault

civil law

typically has to do with money, suing, compensation.

criminal burden of proof

guilty beyond a reasonable doubt

civil burden of proof

preponderance of evidence

felony offenses

super serious, subject to capital punishment or detention in a penitentiary.

misdemeanors

subject to fine, confinement, or both

corporate crime vs white collar crime vs street crime

corporate = most harmful, white collar = crime to corporation, street crime = assault, arson, burglary

4 c’s

citizens, cops, courts, corrections

victim

Someone who’s experienced physical, psychological, emotional, or financial harm as a direct result of the committing of a crime

ripple effect

immediate victim isnt the only one suffering from a crimel

labeling theory

if you call someone a criminal, they will fulfill that label

responsibilities of a police officer

investigation, enforcement, peacekeeping, natural disaster relief, patrol

consensual police interaction

mere suspicion/hunch

detention

reasonable suspicion

arrest

probable cause

use of force continuum

lowest, officer presence → highest, lethal force

deescalation

resolving a problem using the least force necessary

funnel effect

very few cases end up in trial

highest court of the land

us supreme court

judge’s role in bench trials

assess facts, determine verdict, sentence

bench trial vs jury trial

bench = no jury, jury = jury renders verdict

John Howard introduced what? which seeked to do what?

Penitentiary, wanted reflection and penance

Penitentiary Act of 1779

reforms included secure sanitary conditions, systematic inspections, abolishing fees on inmates. did NOT extend family visitation time

differences in corrections between south/west and north/east

south/west = punishment, north/east = rehabilitation and reform

8th amendment

no cruel and unusal punishment - corrections

13th amendment

abolished involuntary servitude

4th amendment

no unreasonable search and seizure - police

time in jails vs prison

jail = <1 year, prison = >1 year

deprivation of liberty

inmate confined to and within institution, friends and family prohibited from visiting except limited times.

deprivation of goods and services

no access to food, entertainment, and services that people normally enjoy

deprivation of heterosexual relationships

living in a single sex society is stressful - leads to sexual deviation

deprivation of autonomy

have to ask for things, inability to make decisions about many basic tasks, subject to staff’s preferences and rules

deprivation of security

probably most disturbing and unintended, victimization for the weak, inmates can be violent and aggressive

how are prison gangs typically organized and how does this bring issues

racial lines, separation can lead to discrimination

prison riots caused by?

collective frustration, herd mentality

community corrections

offenders are managed in the community (parole, probation, diversions

diversion

community correction often used to combat labeling theory

probation versus parole

probation before, parole after

prisonization

adapting to the prison culture

stigmatization

negative labeling of those released

meritorious time vs good time

good time = good behavior, meritorious = special achievements like getting your GED

total institution

refers to place where every aspect of life is controlled

male focus in prison

control and dominance

female focus in prison

forming relationships

unique challenges of women in prison

health screening, feminine care

focus for juveniles

rehabilitation and individualized justice

parens patriae

government acts as the ultimate guardian to children & the disabled

charging document for juveniles is instead called

referrals

implicit bias is..

unconsciously recognized

does us court of appeals exhaust a defendants right to appeal?

yes

t/f, prosecution may strike hard but not foul blows

true

shane bauers book connects history of slave labor and convict leasing to modern prisons, t/f?

true

prison farms are for inmates to garden, t/f

FALSE

juveniles can be housed with adults, t/f

false

juvenile systems are adversarial, t/f

falseee

age to be a juvenile in texas

<17 years old

burden of proof in juvenile cases

beyond a reasonable doubt? intake officer reviews case and determines if evidence is sufficient to prove allegation? or adjudicatory hearing where court determines if evidence support allegation

supermax vs medium security facilities

supermax = highest security