week 2 lecture 1

Flashcards reviewing key figures and concepts in the history of psychology.

What is phrenology, as practiced by Gall in the 18th-19th century?

Divination of character from the shape of the skull.

What is 'philoprogenitiveness' according to Webster's Dictionary (1895)?

Definition not provided in the transcript.

What was one early use of phrenology involving executed criminals?

Attempting to identify criminal 'types' from the contours of their heads using death masks.

What did Broca note about lesions to the left frontal convolution in 1862?

They seemed to be associated with problems with speech production.

What did Broca believe about the size of the skull?

brain size was important in some aspects such as social progress, material security, and education. He compared cranial capacity of different types of Parisian skulls. 

According to Locke, what is 'tabula rasa'?

Blank slate.

Who designed the Panopticon?

Bentham

What did Sheldon's 'Constitutional Psychology' (1942) link?

Personality to body types ('somatypes').

Name three somatypes according to Sheldon.

Endomorph, Mesomorph, Ectomorph.

Who is credited with 'nature vs nurture' in 1869?

Francis Galton.

What happened to Little Albert after conditioning by Watson?

He feared even Santa Claus.

What does the excerpt from Ben Harris's article discuss regarding the Little Albert experiment?

The study's actual procedures, its relationship to Watson's career, distortion by Watson himself and others and myth-making in the history of psychology.

What is the Pygmalion effect?

The Pygmalion effect, also known as the self-fulfilling prophecy, describes a phenomenon where a person's performance in a given area improves when someone expects them to perform well

What is the Hawthorne effect?

The Hawthorne Effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals change their behavior or performance when they know they are being observed or are part of a study, regardless of actual changes in their environment or treatment. In simpler terms, people often act differently when they realize they are being watched, leading to changes in behavior that might not be directly related to the specific intervention or manipulation being tested. 

Name names/things to look up on Wikipedia mentioned in the lecture.

Jeremy Bentham and Gustav Le Bon

What concept, nature or nurture, do the saying 'All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy' reflect?

Both, it can vary

What concept, nature or nurture, do the saying 'Cold hands, warm heart' reflect?

Nature

What concept, nature or nurture, do the saying 'An apple a day keeps the doctor away' reflect?

Nurture