Module 2: Matter and properties

All the highlighted terms from Module Two Unit 1

What is a solid?

A form of matter with its own definite shape and volume is incompressible, and expands only slightly when heated.

What is a liquid?

A form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container.

What is a gas?

A form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container, fills the container’s entire volume, and is easily compressed.

What is vapor?

Gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature.

What is a physical property?

A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition—for example, density, color, taste, hardness, and melting point.

What are extensive properties?

A physical property, such as mass, length, and volume, that is dependent upon the amount of substance present.

What are intensive properties?

A physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present.

What is a chemical property?

The ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances.

What is physical change?

A type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition.

What is a phase change?

A transition of matter from one state to another.

What is a chemical change?

A process involving one or more substances changing into new substances; also called a chemical reaction.

What is the law of conservation of mass?

States that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but is conserved.

What is an element?

A group of bonded atoms

What is a compound?

a compound is a substance with two or more elements chemically bonded.

What is the law of definite proportion?

States that, regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass.

What is the equation of law of definite proportion

Mass of element/mass of compound x 100

What is percent by mass?

A percentage determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound.

What is the law of multiple proportions?

States that when different compounds are formed by the combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same fixed mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers.

What is a mixture?

A mixture is a combination of substances in which all the substances retain their individual properties

What is a heterogenous mixture?

A mixture that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct.

What is a homogenous mixture?

Mixture that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase; also called a solution.

What is a solution?

 A uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids, or gases; also called a homogeneous mixture.

What is filtration?

A technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid.

What is distillation?

A technique that can be used to physically separate most homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances.

What is sublimation?

The energy-requiring process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid.

What is chromatography?

A technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate.

What is crystallization?

A separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance from a solution that contains the dissolved substance.