AP World History: Unit 6 Consequences of Industrialization

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Sino-Japanese War

(1894-1895) Japan's imperialistic war against China to gain control of natural resources and markets for their goods. It ended with the Treaty of Portsmouth which granted Japan Chinese port city trading rights, control of Manchuria, the annexation of the island of Sakhalin, and Korea became its protectorate.

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

Cape Colony

a former province of southern South Africa that was settled by the Dutch in 1652 and ceded to Great Britain in 1814

Scramble for Africa

Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the 1880s and 1890s. Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa. Other countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts.

Berlin Conference

A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules of colonization of Africa

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Manifest Destiny

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

The Great Game

a struggle between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for control of Central Asia in the 19th century.

Boer Wars

a conflict, lasting from 1899 to 1902, in which the Dutch and the British fought for control of territory in South Africa.

Taiping Rebellion

a mid-19th century rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China, led by Hong Xiuquan

Spheres of Influence

Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China)

Trail of Tears

the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma

Suez Canal

A human-made waterway, which was opened in 1869, connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea

Tupac Amaru II

Member of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780-1781. He was captured and executed with his wife and other members of his family.

Indian Rebellion of 1857

A revolt led by the "Sepoy" soldiers against the British rule in India. Sparked by the use of animal fat in gun cartridges.

Treaty of Paris

agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent country

Indian National Congress

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor.

Monoculture

farming strategy in which large fields are planted with a single crop, year after year

Opium War

a conflict between Britain and China, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain's opium trade in China

Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing)

peace treaty signed by China and Great Britain, ending the Opium War but also greatly restricting Chinese control over their own trade with western countries

Banana Republic

Term used to describe a Central American nation dominated by United States business interests

Proclamation of 1763

An order in which Britain prohibited its American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

law that suspended Chinese immigration into America. The ban was supposed to last 10 years, but it was expanded several times and was essentially in effect until WWII. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law that restricted immigration into the United States of an ethnic working group. Extreme example of nativism of period

Quinine

a drug used for fighting malaria and other fevers

De Beers Mining Company

Owned by British Cecil Rhodes, this company controlled up to 90% of the world's rough diamonds.

Sepoys

Indian troops who served in the British army

Indian Removal Act

(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

Guano

A highly effective fertilizer made from bird or bat poop. It became a major commodity traded globally in the 19th century.