Peds Exam 1

Chapters 13-16, & 23

When born, babies will ______ their weight by 4 months and _______ by a year

double, triple

what is the treatment for croup?

Nebulized epinephrine, corticosteroids, humidified air

what is the treatment for epiglottitis?

Emergency airway management, antibiotics

what is the treatment for cystic fibrosis?

Chest physiotherapy, pancreatic enzymes, high-calorie diet

what can be used as a diagnosis and treatment for foreign body aspiration?

bronchoscopy

what kind of precautions are used for pertussis?

droplet

What causes wheezing, poor feeding, and nasal flaring and is common in infants?

RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) 

Sudden coughing, choking, and unilateral breath sounds is an indication of what?

foreign body aspiration 

Sudden onset of high fever, drooling, and tripod positioning in a child is an indication of what?

epiglottitis

what is in full-swing by 9 months of age?

stranger anxiety

what are common causes of vulvovaginitis in kids?

candidiasis, bacteria, STI

what is hematuria a cardinal marker of?

renal injury 

at what age should infants have full head control, engage their core, and start to role?

by 6 months

At what age do we want infants rolling in both directions completely?

by 6 months

what gross motor skill should a 9-12 month old baby have?

pull-to-stand 

what electrolyte imbalances are associated with HUS?

hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia

what gross motor skill should an 18 month old baby have?

walking forwards and backwards

what are 3 common symptoms associated with Rhinosinusitis? 

facial pain, headache, and fever

which renal disorder in kids is most commonly associated with ingesting beef contaminated with E. coli?

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

what is the diagnostic test used for cystic fibrosis?

sweat chloride test

what is the most common treatment for pertussis?

zithromax (z-pack) for 5 days, full-stength

what kind of transmission is the influenza?

droplet

what is the #1 symptom of croup?

barky cough that is worse at night

what are other symptoms that may accompany croup?

fever and steeple sign

what is the most common type of hernia in infants?

umbilical hernia

what is the most common type of hernia in children?

inguinal hernia 

what is both a diagnostic tool and treatment for intussusception?

barium enema

what is a key sign of an appendicitis?

periumbilical pain that moves to RLQ

what is a common sign/clinical manifestation found with renal trauma?

grey-turner sign 

what are the common symptoms associated with nephrotic syndrome?

• proteinuria

• hypoalbuminemia

• hyperlipidemia

• edema

what is the treatment for nephrotic syndrome?

prednisone (long-term)

what is the classic triad of symptoms associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome? 

thrombocytopenia, anemia, and ARF (acute renal failure) 

what education do you want to give to parents for a child with acute glomerulonephritis?

restrict Na, K, and fluids

what diagnostic test is used for vesicoureteral reflux?

VCUG (voiding cystourethrogram)

what are s/s associated with vesicoureteral reflux?

frequent UTIs, fever, most common in girls, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis.

what common bacteria causes UTIs?

E. coli

name some common symptoms associated with UTIs?

odor, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, flank pain (older kids), maybe fever 

what is the most common fatal injury for infants?

suffocation

what is the most common fatal injury for toddlers & preschoolers?

drowning

what is the most common fatal injury for school-aged children and adolescents?

motor vehicle accidents

what is the avg HR for an infant?

80-150 bpm

what is the avg HR for a toddler?

70-110 bpm

what is the avg HR for preschoolers?

65-110 bpm

what is the avg HR for school-age children?

60-95 bpm

what is the avg HR for adolescents?

55-85 bpm

what is avg RR for infants?

25 - 55 br/min 

what is avg RR for toddlers?

20-30 br/min

what is avg RR for preschoolers?

20-25 br/min

what is avg RR for school-aged children?

14-22 br/min

what is avg RR for adolescents?

12-18 br/min 

what is avg systolic BP for infants?

65-100

what is avg systolic BP for toddlers?

90-105

what is avg systolic BP for preschoolers?

95-110 

what is avg systolic BP for school-aged children?

100-120

what is avg systolic BP for adolescents?

110-125

what is avg diastolic BP for infants?

45-65 

what is avg diastolic BP for toddlers?

55-70

what is avg diastolic BP for preschoolers and school-age?

60-75

what is avg diastolic BP for adolescents?

65-85

what are some classical symptoms of pyloric stenosis?

projectile vomiting, usually after eating with a palpable “olive like” mass at the edge of RUQ of abdomen

what are the key symptoms of an intussusception?

currant-jelly stool, RUQ sausage shaped mass 

what is the most threatening complication of Hischsprung’s Disease and it’s presentation?

enterocolitis → sudden onset of foul smelling diarrhea, abdominal distention, fever.

what is acanthosis nigricans indicative of?

insulin resistance

what comorbidities are common with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in kids?

T2DM and obesity 

biliary artresia is fatal within ______ years of life if untreated.

first 2

what is the common medical treatment for GERD?

PPIs (omeprazole, lansoprazole)

what GI disease is characterized by Intermittent bilious or green vomit in kids? 

Malrotation & Volvulus

how often do infants have gastric empyting?

every 2-3 hours

what is a good prevention strategy and treatment option for vesicoureteral reflux?

daily, low dose prophylactic antibiotics 

what are the contraindications to IVP?

allergy to shellfish or IVP dye

what is a uncommon secondary infection to post-streptococcal-Group A?

acute glomerulonephritis

what are some common symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis?

hematuria (tea- or red-colored urine), HTN, headache, ascites, edema