APUSH Midterm Review

Which two European states began exploring in the 16th and 17th centuries?

Spain/Portugal

Which three European states began exploring later, primarily in the 17th century?

England/France/Netherlands

Which three regions or states were the primary trading targets of Europeans?

China/India/Persia

What was the name of the new European economic policy/technique for colonial empires that operated on the premise that the economy was a fixed wealth system?

Mercantilism

As a part of the economic policy described above, this was the policy of taxing imports to keep fixed wealth within the mother country.

Tariffs

As a part of the economic policy described above, this was the policy of stealing the goods or colonies of competing states.

Sabotaging rival trade

This is the term used to describe goods being sold to another country.

Exports

This is the term used to describe goods being purchased from another country.

Imports

What was the name of the type of companies that were allowed to settle colonies for their mother country?

Charter Companies

Provide a specific example company.

British East India Company

Provide four goods transported from the New World to the Old World.

Tobacco/Corn/Tomatoes/Potatoes

Provide four goods transported from the Old World to the New World.

Rice/Coffee/Wheat/Okra

What was the name of the exchange of these goods in the 16th century?

Columbian Exchange

This the name for land/title grants to conquistadors in the Early Modern Era.

Encomiendas

This is the name of the feudal rulers of these land grants.

Encomienderos

This is the name of the individual ranches, mines, and plantations on these land grants.

Haciendas

Provide, in order from most-to-least esteemed [according to the Spanish Racial Caste system], the racial hierarchy established in the Spanish New World.

Peninsulares/Criollo/Mestizo/Mulatto/Zambo

This is the practice of establishing overseas colonies to provide wealth and resources to the mother countries.

Colonialism

Which region did the French primarily settle in North America?

Great Lakes Region

Which three European states established colonies on the East Coast?

England/Netherlands/Sweden

Which tribe was the dominant tribe in the Iroquois Confederacy?

Mohawks

What type of society was established under this tribe with females at the top of society?

Matriarchy

How did the American Indians believe property should be held?

In Common

How did the European settlers believe property should be held?

Privately

This was the name for a series of conflicts between the American Indians of the Northeast in the 17th century over the fur trade.

Beaver Wars

Which side was aided by the French?

Algonquin & Huron

Which side was victorious?

Iroquois

Which conflict was fought from 1675-1678 as colonists and American Indians began to dispute ownership of land?

King Philip's War

What was the treaty that ended the conflict?

Treaty of Casco Bay

Why did many Protestants not like the policies and practices of the Anglican Church?

Similar to Catholicism

These were the first two English monarchs to dis-establish the Catholic Church and begin the Church of England.

Elizabeth I/Henry VIII

This was the act that made the English monarch the head of the Anglican Church.

Act of Supremacy ?

This was the act that required Englishmen to attend Anglican Churches and use the Common Book of Prayer.

Act of Uniformity

This was the name for Protestants in England who opposed the policies of the Anglican Church due to its practices being not purely Protestant.

Puritans

This was the name given to Protestants who fled religious persecution by the Anglican Church.

Pilgrims

This was the European state to which most English religious dissidents fled.

Netherlands

This was the set of colonies to which most English religious dissidents fled.

North American Colonies ?

Which New England colony was founded in 1628?

Massachusetts Bay

Who led the founding of this colony?

John Winthrop

Who established the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681?

William Penn

What was initially the dominant religious practice in the colony of Pennsylvania?

Quakers

What sort of people settled the early colony of Virginia?

Single men

This was a form of labor utilized by colonists in which Europeans would pay for passage to the New World through contract labor.

Indentured Servitude

What largely replaced contracted European workers by the late 17th century?

West African Slaves

Provide two cash crops that became popular in the middle and southern colonies during the 17th & 18th centuries.

Tobacco/Rice

This was the unintended policy in which the British Crown essentially ignored the happenings of the colonies due to a lack of resources for which to administer them.

Benign Neglect

What was the name of the Virginian representative assembly?

House of Burgesses

What two primary powers did this representative possess despite not having the approval of the British Crown?

Levy Taxes and Form Militia

What type of government formed in Carolina in 1669?

Limited Oligarchy

Who designed the government?

John Locke

What type of government was established in Georgia in 1732?

Charter Government

What was the name of the initial governing body in Georgia?

Board of Trustees

What was the mission of the Georgia colony?

A Haven for the Deserving Poor

How did Voltaire feel religion should be treated?

Religious tolerance

What was the name of the governing body in Carolina during the mid-late 17th century?

Lord Proprietors

Who developed the idea for the separation of powers?

Montesquieu

This branch of government maintained the authority to create laws.

Legislative

This branch of government maintained the authority to interpret laws.

Judicial

This branch of government maintained the authority to enforce laws.

Executive

Who argued all people should be involved in government, and that the goal or will of the people should be treated as a collective will that no one person or minority group should impede?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

This is the term used to describe the rights guaranteed to all peoples at birth.

Natural Rights

This is the idea that governments operate only with the approval of the people whom it exercises authority over.

Consent of the Governed

This is the name for a document that limits the powers of a government by establishing concrete rules and boundaries, as well as obligating the government to protect the rights of people rather than take them away.

Social Contract

This was the name of the conflict fought between the British and French regarding the Northwest territory.

French and Indian War

This was the policy enacted by King George III which prevented colonists from settling land west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Proclamation of 1763

Provide the three acts discussed in class from 1764 to 1767 in which the British government extracted tax income from the British colonists.

Sugar Act/Townshend Act/Stamp Act

This was the name of the act that required colonists to house and feed British soldiers in 1765.

Quartering Act

This was the act that attempted to make tea cheaper for colonists in order to aid the failing British East India Company.

Tea Act

This was the event in which colonists threw British tea into the harbor in 1773.

Boston Tea Party

This was the group that led the raid in 1773 and is well noted for their opposition to hereditary privilege and wealthy landowners.

Sons of Liberty

This is the series of acts that took away the privileges of self-governance for the colony of Massachusetts.

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

At which two cities did colonial militia resist British attempts to disarm Massachusetts?

Lexington/Concord

This was the battle that was a technical loss for the colonial militia, however, it was a moral victory due to the heavy casualties inflicted on the British.

Bunker Hill

This was the name of the meeting of colonial leaders and presented to us to discuss matters regarding the continuance or separation of the colonies from Great Britain.

Continental Congress

Provide two influential publishers or writers that advocated separation from Great Britain.

Thomas Paine/Benjamin Franklin

This was the name for women and men performing essential tasks such as cooking, laundry, and nursing the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.

Camp Followers

This was the battle that convinced France, and eventually Spain, to officially support the colonists in their struggle for independence.

Saratoga

This was the name of the treaty that officially added France to the conflict on the side of the colonies.

Treaty of Alliance

Provide the names of two American generals won the support and loyalty of their troops by treating them as equals and rejecting hereditary privilege.

George Washington/Israel Putnam

This was the attempt by Americans to peacefully settle disputes without conflict prior to the American Revolution.

Olive Branch Petition

This is the name given to colonists who supported independence-generally by violent revolution.

Patriots

This is the name given to colonists who supported remaining with Great Britain and provided the name of one French general who aided the Americans during the American Revolutionary war.

Loyalists

This was the name for women who diligently wove clothing and uniforms for the constant army during the American Revolution.

Spinning Bees

This was the name for the treaty that officially ended the American Revolutionary war in 1783.

Treaty of Paris

This was the invention that revolutionized cotton picking in 1793.

Cotton Gin

This the name of the act that required Americans to return escaped slaves in 1793.

Fugitive Slave Act

Provide the names of two women that supported the expansion of female rights and education.

Judith Murray/Abigail Adams

Provide the name of one book that supported female education expansion.

On the Equality of Sexes

This was the concept that women should be educated in order to prepare their sons for political life by educating them on American ideals and republicanism.

Republican Motherhood

What type of people did John Adams and the Federalists predominantly believe should govern the country?

White Property Owning Males

Provide three examples of nationalism in early American art, music, etc.

Hudson Valley School?/National Anthem?/In God We Trust on Money

This is the name of the first failed government of the United States.

Articles of Confederation

Who led the rebellion of farmers in western Massachusetts that showcased the inability of America's first government to deal with insurrection?

Daniel Shays

This was the name for individuals who supported a stronger federal government.

Federalists

This was the name for a series of essays and publications by Alex Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay regarding a strong central government and opposition to political factions.

Federalist Papers

This was the name for the compromise made between the small and large states regarding the United States Congress.

Great Compromise

This was the name of the compromise made regarding the number of representatives each state would earn based on the number of slaves residing within that state.

Three Fifths Compromise

This was the name for individuals who opposed central control and sought to protect individual and states' rights above all else.

Antifederalists

This is the name for the first 10 amendments to the United States that broadly protected the individual and state rights of American citizens.

Bill of Rights

This was an American political party in the late-18* and early-19 century whose ideals featured individual farmers, small government, and democratic ideals.

Democratic Republican Party