science vocab section 2

this you need to study every time you go to science

cell membrane

cell membrane

A biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from its external environment, regulating the movement of substances in and out.

cytoplasm

The gel-like substance within a cell, where organelles are suspended and various cellular processes occur.

cell wall

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells and some prokaryotes, providing structural support and protection.

organelle

A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function, such as energy production or protein synthesis.

nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material and controls cellular activities.

chloroplast

An organelle found in plant cells that is responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into energy.

mitochondrion

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that produces energy through cellular respiration, converting nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

ribosome

A cellular structure that synthesizes proteins by translating messenger RNA.

end-plastic

ic reticulum, a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

reticulum

A structure in cells that plays a critical role in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids.

Golgi Body

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

tissue

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function in the body.

organ

A group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function in the body.

magnify

To make an object appear larger than its actual size, often using lenses or other optical instruments.

Cell theory

The scientific theory that all living organisms are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of life.

disease

Any condition that impairs normal bodily functions, often caused by pathogens, genetics, or environmental factors.

virus

A microscopic infectious agent that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism, often causing disease.

host cell

ighly infectious agent that can only replicate inside a living host cell.