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LINCOLN STEFFENS
He gained fame for his series of articles in McClure's magazine titled "The Shame of the Cities," which exposed corruption in urban political machines across the United States.
Steffens' work contributed to the reform movements of the Progressive Era, inspiring greater accountability in government and journalism.
IDA TARBELL
expose on the Standard Oil Company, which led to significant antitrust legislation in the United States.
paved the way for women in the field, challenging gender norms and advocating for equality in the workplace.
Author of "The History of the Standard Oil Company": a comprehensive account of the rise and monopolistic practices of Standard Oil and its founder, John D. Rockefeller.
IDA B WELLS
prominent African American investigative journalist, educator, and early leader in the civil rights movement.
She fiercely campaigned against lynching through her writing and activism, exposing the atrocities and injustices faced by African Americans.
Wells co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and was a key figure in the women's suffrage movement.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
after the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901.
notable advocate for progressive reform, pushing for measures to regulate big business, protect consumers, and conserve natural resources.
JACOB RIIS
Danish-American journalist and social reformer.
Known for his pioneering photojournalism in documenting the harsh living conditions of immigrants in New York City tenements during the late 19th century.
His book "How the Other Half Lives" (1890) shed light on urban poverty and prompted social and political reforms, contributing to the progressive movement.
JANE ADDAMS
co-founded the Hull House in Chicago in 1889, one of the first settlement houses in the United States.
first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 for her efforts in social reform and international peace advocacy.
advocating for numerous social reforms including women's suffrage, child labor laws, and improved living conditions for the urban poor.
THOMAS NAST🎅
political cartoonist known for his caricatures and illustrations that played a significant role in shaping public opinion
He is often credited with creating the modern image of Santa Claus as a jolly, rotund figure with a white beard and red suit, which he popularized through his illustrations for Harper's Weekly.
Nast's cartoons played a crucial role in exposing the corruption of New York City's Tammany Hall political machine, leading to the downfall of its leader, William M. Tweed, and earning Nast the nickname "The Father of the American Cartoon."
FLORENCE KELLEY
advocate for labor rights in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
pivotal role in improving working conditions for women and children, particularly through her work with the National Consumers League and the National Child Labor Committee.
ROBERT LAFOLLETE
key figure in the Progressive Movement, advocating for reforms such as direct primaries, workers' compensation, and women's suffrage.
opposition to corporate power and political corruption, earning him the nickname "Fighting Bob."
SAM McCLURE
exposing corruption in government and big business.
shed light on societal injustices, labor abuses, and political scandals, catalyzing public awareness and reform efforts.
"McClure's," played a pivotal role in shaping public opinion and influencing policy debates, ultimately contributing to the era's progressive reforms and the push for greater transparency and accountability in American society.
FRANK NORRIS
He was a key figure in the literary movement known as American literary naturalism, which focused on portraying characters as influenced by environment and heredity.
famous work is "McTeague" (1899), a novel that explores themes of greed, desire, and the impact of society on individuals, often cited as a precursor to American modernism.
HENRY DEMAREST LLOYD
address issues such as corporate monopolies and social injustice.
exposing the corrupt practices of large corporations, particularly in his book "Wealth Against Commonwealth" (1894), which critiqued the monopolistic practices of the Standard Oil Company.
His works inspired many activists and reformers, including Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson
JOHN SPARGO
critique of capitalism.
"The Bitter Cry of the Children," which exposed the harsh conditions of child labor in the United States and contributed to the passage of child labor laws.
key role in the Socialist Party of America and was a close associate of Eugene V. Debs, the party's leader.
RAY STANNARD BAKER
passionate about issues such as child labor, racial inequality, and workers' rights, contributing significantly to the Progressive Era's social and political landscape.
His works often reflected his concern for social justice and offered insights into the challenges faced by ordinary Americans during his time, leaving a lasting impact on both literature and social reform movements.
FREDERICK TAYLOR
father of scientific management, revolutionizing industrial efficiency through systematic study and optimization of work processes.
Taylor's approach involved analyzing tasks to streamline workflows, utilizing time and motion studies to eliminate wasteful movements and increase productivity.
principles emphasized a scientific approach to management, including fair compensation for performance, standardized work methods, and close supervision to ensure adherence to established procedures.
MARGARET SANGER
advocate for birth control and reproductive rights in the United States.
She founded the organization that would later become Planned Parenthood, one of the largest providers of reproductive health services globally.
Sanger faced significant opposition and legal challenges due to her activism but persisted in her efforts to promote women's health and autonomy.
ALICE PAUL
suffragist and women's rights activist who played a crucial role in securing the passage of the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, granting women the right to vote in 1920.
known for her strategic and militant tactics, including organizing protests, hunger strikes, and pickets outside the White House.
Paul co-founded the National Woman's Party and was instrumental in drafting the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in 1923, which sought to guarantee equal rights for women under the law, although it was never ratified.
CARRIE NATION
temperance advocate in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, famously advocating for the prohibition of alcohol through direct action.
gained notoriety for her unconventional methods, often wielding a hatchet to smash up saloons and other establishments serving alcohol as a form of protest.
bold and confrontational approach made her a symbol of the temperance movement, inspiring both supporters and detractors while leaving a lasting legacy in American history.
CLARA BARTON
Founded the American Red Cross in 1881, establishing it as a leading humanitarian organization providing disaster relief and support during wartime.
Known as the "Angel of the Battlefield" for her dedicated work as a nurse during the Civil War, where she tended to wounded soldiers on the front lines.
Pioneered the concept of the Red Cross movement in the United States, advocating for the Geneva Convention and humanitarian principles worldwide.
SAMUEL HOPKINS ADAMS
investigative journalist known for his "The Great American Fraud" series, which exposed the fraudulent claims of patent medicines and led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906.
publications including Collier's Weekly and The New York Times Magazine, covering topics ranging from corruption in the healthcare industry to social justice issues.
works such as "Revelry" and "Flaming Youth" gaining popularity for their exploration of contemporary societal issues and moral dilemmas.
THEODORE DREISER
portrayal of urban life and the struggles of the working class.
"Sister Carrie," is considered a pioneering example of American naturalism in literature, depicting the pursuit of the American Dream and the complexities of human ambition.
writing often tackled controversial topics such as social inequality, sexuality, and the harsh realities of capitalism, challenging prevailing moral and societal norms of his time.
LOUIS BRANDEIS
first Jewish justice appointed to the United States Supreme Court, nominated by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916.
advocate for privacy rights, famously coining the term "right to privacy" in his 1890 Harvard Law Review article.
progressive jurisprudence, advocating for the regulation of big business and supporting labor rights during his tenure on the Supreme Court.
JOHN DEWEY
philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer.
influential works on pragmatism, which emphasized the importance of experience, inquiry, and problem-solving in learning.
shaped modern educational theory and practice, advocating for student-centered, hands-on learning experiences that foster critical thinking and democracy.
EUGENE V DEBS
prominent American socialist leader who co-founded the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and served as its president.
He ran for President of the United States five times as the candidate of the Socialist Party of America, advocating for workers' rights, labor reforms, and social justice.
Debs was imprisoned for his opposition to World War I and delivered his famous Canton speech, which defended his beliefs in the face of government repression, earning him admiration and support from many Americans.
UPTON SINCLAIR
He gained widespread fame for his novel "The Jungle," which exposed the harsh conditions of the meatpacking industry in the early 20th century.
Sinclair's work helped spark significant regulatory reforms, including the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906.
HENRY CABOT LODGE
opposition to the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations, advocating for a more cautious approach to international entanglements and arguing for the preservation of American sovereignty.
Republican nominee for Vice President in 1960, running alongside Richard Nixon in his unsuccessful bid against John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. Though Nixon lost, Lodge remained an influential figure until his death in 1924.
WOODROW WILSON
28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921.
He led the United States through World War I and played a crucial role in shaping the post-war world order through his Fourteen Points plan and advocacy for the League of Nations.
Wilson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919 for his efforts to promote peace and international cooperation.
WILLIAM MCKINLEY
served as the 25th President from 1897 until his assassination in 1901.
McKinley led the United States during the Spanish-American War of 1898, resulting in significant territorial gains for the country, including Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
signed the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890, which raised protective tariffs and became a focal point of economic policy during his presidency.
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
27th President of the United States
He was the only person in U.S. history to have served as both President and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, with his tenure as Chief Justice lasting from 1921 to 1930.
commitment to progressive policies, including trust-busting and conservation efforts, although his presidency was overshadowed by internal party conflicts and his successor, Theodore Roosevelt.
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