Philosophy and Worldview

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55 Terms

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Relativism

everything is relative to me, my group, and my situation; i must accept and affirm others

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Atheism

there is no god

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Deism

there is a god but he is not involved

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Materialism

material and physical is more important than spiritual

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Nihilism

all is nothing and there is no meaning

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Existentialism

experiences gives life meaning

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Christian Theism

there is a personal God who redeems

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Postmodernism

questions the assumptions of modernism; there is no greater narrative; against absolute truth

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Islam

the good you do in life must outweigh the bad

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St. Thomas Aquinas

5 ways to defend the existence of God; we use reason to reach revelation

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Pluralists

everything is not 1; opposite of the Milesians

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Pythagoras

formulas, logic, knowledge; theorems prove truth

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Augustine

you can’t deny your or God’s existence; truth is superior to reason; Patristic

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Plato

Theory of forms; forms gives purpose to things

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Heraclitus

we are always changing; “you can’t step in the same river twice”

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Nietzche

We don’t need God; we can make our own meaning and purpose; God is dead and we killed him; father of Atheism

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Milesians

existence is unity; all diversity is unified somehow

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Descartes

“I think therefore I am”/ “Cogito Ergo Sum”; lofic and reason tells us what is; My thinking validates and confirms my existence

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Worldview is . . .

a commitment; fundamental orientation of your heart

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a worldview . . .

expresses the presuppositions we hold about the reality of our existence; provides the foundation for which we live

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Nietzche proposed . . .

we don’t need God; God is dead and we killed him

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Neitzche’s reasoning was . . .

God was holding us back; belief in God is meaningless; we can make our own meaning and purpose; you don’t need meaning after this existence if you have meaning in life

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Sire’s 7 essential questions:

  1. Prime Reality

  2. External Reality

  3. Human?

  4. After death?

  5. Knowledge

  6. Good vs. Evil

  7. Human History

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Zacharias’ 4 essential questions:

  1. Origin

  2. Meaning

  3. Morality

  4. Destiny

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Prime Reality

What is real? What is the first real? What is ultimate reality?

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External Reality

What is the world around us?

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Human?

What is the human?

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After death

What happens to humans after death?

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Knowledge

Why do we know anything? How do we know anything?

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Good vs. Evil

How do we know right from wrong?

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Human History

What is the point of human history? What is our purpose on earth?

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Origin

Where do we come from?

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Meaning

What is our purpose?

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Morality

How do we know right vs. wrong?

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Destiny

What happens after death?

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Truth is . . .

primarily a property of propositions

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Correspondence theory

statement agrees with reality

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Coherence theory

not contradictory to other statements

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Logical consistency

agrees with sense

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Experiential relevance

relevant to experiences

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empirical adequacy

observable enough

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PM Prime Reality

I construct reality

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PM External Reality

I construct it

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PM Humans?

I give myself meaning

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PM Afterlife

I decide; nothingness; unknown

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PM Knowledge

Truth and knowledge is hidden; all you can do is tell stories

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PM Good vs. Evil

social constructs; socially accepted narratives

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PM Human History

History can change at any time

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CT Prime Reality

God- yHwH and I Am, Jehovah, Jirah, God who sees, shepherd; creator, infinity, sovereign, immanent (personal- father, savior, friend), transcendent, triune, redeemer

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CT External Reality

God’s creation- ex nihlo (out of nothing)

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CT Humans?

imago dei (image of God); innate value and worth; image bearer and re-creator; look like God and share attributes

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CT Afterlife

Heaven (redeemed existence and in God’s presence; faith that Jesus is our Savior); Hell (away from God; punishment; rejects that Jesus saves)

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CT Knowledge

revelation: special and general (we discover these); knowledge is knowable, reliable, objective, sure and predictable; know truly but not perfectly or comprehensibly

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CT Good vs. Evil

God defines morality; discover and submit

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CT Human History

linear: creation, fall, redemption (redemptive history: OT and Jesus), 2nd coming; God oversees and interacts