The Cold War

imposition of liberalism

forcing liberalism on another country

Yalta Conference Feb 1945

• height of friendship between the US and the USSR

• what would Germany look like after the way?

• The Polish Question

• what to do in Japan

decision made about Germany during the Yalta Conference

agreed to divide into occupation zones. Not to punish, but to help rebuild

The Polish Question

What’s going to happen to Eastern Europe. What kind of government will they have?

Polish Question decision

have free elections

Japan War decision

USSR agreed to help US

Potsdam Conference 1945

second conference held, without the attendance of FDR and Churchill

Results of Potsdam Conference

1. Germany and Berlin are still divided

2. Stalin lied, there was no free elections in Eastern Europe and they were forced to accept communist government

3. the US now did NOT want the USSR to enter the war in Japan

countries affecred by the Polish Question

East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary

iron curtain

Europe separated into west and east. West, democratic and east communist

the Eastern European countries were forced to accept communist governments, they became known as _________________________

satellite countries

Truman Doctrine

aka the Policy of Containment, contain the spread of communism, any group fighting communism the US would support

the Marshall Plan

any country that is democratic, and capitalist the US would lend them billions of dollars

the USSR counter to the Marshall Plan

Molotov Plan. the USSR lending money to countries who support communism

the US became afraid the the USSR was gong to invade West Berlin and West Germany. They wanted to send a message to the USSE that this would mean war with the US and their allies. The US created ____

NATO

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization—military alliance

• first countries to join: US, Canada, Berlin

Article 5 of NATO

violence against one ally is treated as violence against ever member, this idea of collective security

USSR counter to NATO

Warsaw Pact

the biggest difference between Warsaw Pact and NATO is that NATO was _________and Warsaw Pact was not

voluntary

countries in non alignment

Cuba, Yugoslavia, India, Switzerland

immediately after WWII the US was the inly one to possess an__________

atomic bomb

there was a race between the US and the USSR on who could successfully test a ___________(much more destructive than the atomic bomb) by1953, both countries did and now it was possible to destroy the entire world

hydrogen bomb

The Red Scare/McCarthism

trials that happened in the US due to the fear of communist spies in America

what happened during The Red Scare trials

targeted Hollywood, Americans were forced to testify. Those who defended themselves were backlisted

during the Red Scare, the US was acting ____________

illiberally

Like Germany, ____divided into North and South

Korea

North Korea was _______

communist

South Korea was_______

democratic

June 1950

North Korea invaded South

domino theory

if one country in a region falls to communism, the entire region could fall

the US also saw the Korean War as a test for the ___________of the UN

legitimacy

US Resolution to the Korean War

the UN created a multi national force, led by the US

why could the USSR not use their veto to stop the force from entering Korea

the USSR had been boycotting Security Council meetings to deal with China’s communist revolution

Since China saw the Americans troops as a threat, they also sent in troops to Korea and this became __________________

undeclared war

1953

a ceasefire in Korea was signed and the borders remained the same however, no permanent peace agreement was ever signed

Hungary and Czechoslovakia

• people revolted, overthrew their communist government and replaced it with a democratic on

• they’d have freedoms

• at first the USSR did nothing, but when they announced their withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact. the USSR took action

Brezhnev Doctrine

counter to the Truman Doctrine

the third country to and break free from communism and was successful

Poland

What was the difference that had helped Poland be successful in escaping communism

they did not announce their withdrawal from Warsaw Pact

Overall,, during the Cold War these Eastern European countries were closed off from the _______________________as they were forced to accept a communist government

international world

Space Race

US and USSR in competition technologically, wanted to see who could reach space first.

1957

USSR the first country to launch a satellite into space, named Sputnik

1961

USSR successfully launched the first person unto space

JFK promise after USSR launched someone to space

promised that the US was going to be the first to land a person on the moon

1969

the US is the first to land on the moon

Arm’s Race

competition between the US and the USSR on nuclear weapons

first strike capability

who can hit one another first

Brinkmanship

followed by the US, in any future encounter with the USSR, America would not be the first to back down

US still follows the idea of ___________________________

peace by strength

Nikita Khrushchev became the new leader of the USSR, and cam eup with the idea of _______________________

peaceful coexistence

1961

USSR started to build the Berlin Wall to stop the Easter Berlin propr from escaping

Cuba had been a puppet state of the __

US

Cuba 1959

revolution led by Fidel Castro, he and his followers overthrew the Cuban government

what did the US do to help the exiles of Cuba

• used the CIA to train them

• gave them weapons

• gave them transportation

April 1961 Cuba

Bag of Pigs Invasion

result of Bay of Pigs Invasion

• mass majority captured and became a public embarrassment to the US that they had helped

• Castro feared that the US would try again

• Castro looked to the USSR for help

Oct 1962, the highest point of tension during the Cold War

US spy planes took pictures of USSR missiles being assembled in Cuba

how the Cuban Missel Crisis was solved

secret negotiations between the US and the USSR

the US sending ______________ of the island of Cuba. If the USSR ships tried to break the blockade, that was an act of war

naval blockade

detente

easing tension

Deterrence

the threat of force in order to discourage an opponent from taking an unwelcome action

1. ___________________

• safety a value for both

• leaders of the USSR and the US able to communicate directly

• diffuse any future situations and avoid misunderstandings

• example of detente

the first hotline (Moscow-Washington hotline)

2. 1963 Test Ban Treaty

• both countries agreed to ______________________________________only legal way was to do so underground

stop testing nuclear weapons above ground/underwater/in space

3. 1968 NPT (nuclear nonproliferation treaty)

stop the spread of nuclear bombs

4. 1972 SALTs treaty

• strategic arms limitation talks

• agreed to reduce the amount of nuclear missiles

5. Helsinki Accords

• for the first time, US recognizes____________________________________, in exchange USSR promise to uphold human rights in Eastern Europe

USSR’S control over Eastern Europe

6. INF Treaty (intermeidate range nuclear forces

both sides agree to reduce nuclear missiles they have in Europe

although the US and the USSR never fought each other directly, they always used ______________

a third country

leader of the vietnamese independence movement was Ho Chi Minh, he was a ____________

communist

Which side of Vietnam was communist

North

North Vietnamese army

Viet Con

the US did not see the war in Vietnam as fighting for independence, but instead ____________________

the spread of communism

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

gave permission to US troops to go into Vietnam

gorilla warfare tactics

fast-moving, small-scale actions

double standard in the US when it came to _____________

the draft

1968 US presidential election won by Nixon, and his campaign logan was “____________”

peace with honor

the Vietnam War was a humiliating defeat for the US , it showed_____________________

limits of power

1979

USSR invaded Afghanistan to stop terrorist attacked

the US saw the USSR going into Aghanistan as an attempt to spread communist, however they ________________________

were not going to directly get involved

Mujahadeen

Afghani fighting the USSR

the defeat in Afghanistan was a _____________one for the USSR

humiliating

Ronald Reagans approach to winning the Cold War

• did not believe that the USSR’S economy could keep with that of the US spending it on military

• tore up the SALT treaties and re started the antiballistic military system

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

missile defense system intended to protect the United States