Chapter 29 Key terms and People

Underwood Tariff

Reduced import fees to lower the cost of goods for consumers.

Federal Reserve Act

Established a system to keep money in reserve, inspired by the panic of 1907.

Federal Trade Commission Act

Ensured that large companies did not misrepresent their practices and laws.

Clayton Antitrust Act

Aimed to prevent large companies from gaining excessive power.

Holding Companies

Corporations that own controlling interests in other companies to increase their influence.

Working Men's Compensation Act

Provided insurance for workers who were injured on the job.

Adamson Act

Established an 8-hour workday for railroad workers and mandated paid overtime.

Jones Act

Granted the Philippines independence contingent upon the establishment of a stable government.

Tampico Incident

An incident where a small number of Americans were accidentally captured by Mexican forces. Was mediated by Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. (ABC)

Central Powers

The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire during WWI.

Allies

The coalition of France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, and Japan during WWI.

U-boats

Powerful German submarines used during WWI.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship sunk by Germans, leading to increased tensions with the U.S.

Zimmerman Note

A secret communication proposing a German-Mexican alliance.

14 Points

President Wilson's proposal for peace and a framework for post-war international relations.

Committee on Public Information

Created to shape U.S. public opinion in support of World War I.

Espionage Act

Legislation aimed at preventing the leaking of national security information during wartime.

Schneck v US

A Supreme Court case involving the imprisonment of a man for violating the Espionage Act.

War Industries Board

Established to coordinate and boost war supplies production.

Industrial Workers of the World

A labor union known as the Wobblies, advocating for workers' rights.

General Strike

A significant strike by 35,000 Seattle shipbuilders demanding higher wages.

Great Migration

The movement of African Americans fleeing Jim Crow laws in the South.

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote in the United States.

Shepherd Towner Maternity Act

Provided financial assistance to women after childbirth, promoting family welfare.

American Expeditionary Forces

U.S. military forces sent to Europe to support Allied efforts in WWI.

Battle of Chateau-Thierry

A battle led by General Pershing where American forces faced defeat.

Meuse Argonne Offensive

The largest offensive by the AEF, lasting 47 days on the Western Front.

League of Nations

An international organization aimed at promoting peace and cooperation among nations.

Treaty of Versailles

The agreement that ended WWI, criticized for its ineffectiveness and contentious nature.

Irreconcilables

Senators who opposed the Treaty of Versailles, primarily from the Republican Party.

Luis D Brandeis

The first Jewish Supreme Court Justice nominated by President Wilson.

Victoriano Huerta

A Mexican general and president known for his controversial rule.

Francisco Villa

A Mexican revolutionary leader involved in the fight against Huerta.

Arthur Zimmerman

The German official who authored the Zimmerman Note proposing an alliance with Mexico.

George Creel

A journalist and head of the Committee on Public Information, known for his propaganda efforts.

Eugene V Debs

A leader of the Industrial Workers of the World, arrested under the Espionage Act. Ran for president in prison.

William D Haywood

A prominent leader of the Industrial Workers of the World.

Herbert C Hoover

Promoted food conservation during WWI with initiatives like "Wheatless Wednesdays."

Alice Paul

A key leader in the women's suffrage movement, particularly within the National Woman's Party.

Henry Cabot Lodge

A senator who opposed Wilson and the Treaty of Versailles, leading to political conflict.

Solemn Referendum

Another name for the 1920 election