DNA Structure and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

Flashcards for DNA Structure and Protein Synthesis based on lecture notes.

What are the monomers of DNA?

Nucleotides

What type of bonds hold the monomers together along the backbone of the DNA molecule?

Covalent bonds

What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together in the center of the double helix?

Hydrogen bonds

How do you identify the 5' end of a DNA strand?

The 5' end is the one with the phosphate group attached to the 5' carbon of deoxyribose.

What does it mean that the two DNA strands are anti-parallel?

The two DNA strands run in opposite directions.

What enzymes are involved in DNA replication and what are their functions?

Helicase unzips the DNA, and DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction.

What is a parent strand in DNA replication?

The original DNA strand

What is a daughter strand in DNA replication?

The newly synthesized DNA strand.

What is the central dogma?

DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein.

What is another name for a protein?

Polypeptide

What are the monomers of a protein?

Amino Acids

What type of bond holds amino acids together?

Peptide bonds

Where does transcription take place in the cell? Where does translation take place?

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm and ribosomes.

What are the three types of RNA and how are they involved in transcription and translation?

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. mRNA is produced in transcription and used in translation. tRNA and rRNA are used in translation.

What is the function of DNA?

Contains genes that are the instructions to build polypeptides.

What is gene editing (splicing)?

Splicing removes introns from the mRNA, leaving only exons.

What is a codon and on what molecule is it found?

3 nucleotides on the mRNA

What is an anticodon and on what molecule is it found?

3 nucleotide sequence on the tRNA that corresponds to the mRNA codon.

How many nitrogen bases are used per amino acid during translation?

3 bases per amino acid

What are the bases for the start codon?

AUG

Do stop codons code for amino acids?

No, stop codons do not code for an amino acid.