L19 Trematodes Rumen Flukes Lung Flukes | Parasitology Exam 2

What are the hosts of Schistosoma spp.

• cattle

• sheep

• human

What are the hosts of Heterobilharzia spp.

• dog

• raccoon

What are atypical about Schistosoma compared to other trematodes

dioecious

What host does Schistosoma bovis and S. nasalis infect

cattle

What hosts does Schistosoma japonicum infect (and more pathogenic to which spp)

• cattle

• sheep (cause more severe dz)

• human

How do adult females attac in Schistosoma spp. reproduction

adult females attach in ventral grove of males

What are the egg characteristics of Schistosoma spp.

boomerang shape with terminal spine

What are the predilection sites of Schistosoma spp.

portal, mesenteric, urogenital veins

What is the lifecycle of infection caused by Schistosoma bovis with juvenile flukes

• Juvenile flukes travel to the heart entering the lungs

• They localize in liver

• then enter portal circulation from liver

What are the CS of Schistosoma bovis

• irritation to gut and bladder mucosa caused by eggs

Where does Schistosoma nasalis migrate to cause CS

nasal veins

Where does Schistosoma japonicum migrate to cause CS

lungs, causing pneumonia, followed by the portal vein

What are the CS of Schisotosoma nasalis

1. mucopurulent nasal discharge

2. snoring

3. dyspnoea

What are the CS of Schisotosoma japonicum

• dermatitis (caused by skin penetration by cercariae)

• pneumonia (migration to the lungs)

In humans, what prominent CS occurs with Schistosoma mansoi (a trematode of humans)

swimmers itch (caused by irritation due to

What is the dx of Schistosoma spp.

dx by finding eggs thru sedimentation of feces

serology - Elisa kits

What is the tx of Schistosoma spp.

Praziquantel or Oxaminquine (20mg/kg)

What are atypical about Heterobilharzia Americanum compared to other trematodes

have separate sexes

Where are Heterobilharzia Americanum found and predilection site

• found in coastal regions of Gulf Coast, most common in SE USA

• live in mesenteric and hepatic veins

What are the DH of Heterobilharzia Americanum

• dogs

• raccoons

What is the lifecycle of Heterobilharzia Americanum trematode

1. eggs release in water hatch

2. snail is IH

3. Cercariae release from snails penetrate skin of DH

4. migrate to lung, liver

5. adults migrate to mesenteric and hepatic veins

6. eggs release from veins migrating through intestinal wall

7. passed in feces

In Heterobilharzia Americanum, when eggs are released from veins what CS does it cause

induce granulomatous inflammation of vessels

What are the CS of Heterobilharzia Americanum

• diarrhea

• vomiting

• weight loss

• lethargy

What are the egg characteristics of Heterobilharzia Americanum

thin-shelled round containing fully developed miracidium

What is the dx of Heterobilharzia Americanum and the requirements for such dx

egg detection by sedimentation using normal saline (eggs will hatch when it comes in contact w water)

What are considered rumen flukes of ruminants

Paramphistomum spp.

In terms of lifecycle of Paramphistomum spp., how does the migration occur out of GIT

no migration out of GIT

What is the appearance of Paramphistomum spp.

small, conical fluke (attached to rumen mucosa)

What is the pathogenicity of adult Paramphistomum spp.

nonpathogenic even in high quantities

What is larval Paramphistomiasis pathogenesis in relations to Paramphistomum spp.

• juvenile stages in intestine causing infection

• severe enteritis - diarrhea and anorexia

Where does larval Paramphistomiasis pathogenesis in relations to Paramphistomum spp. occur

tropics in young stock

What is the major problem of Paramphistomum spp. dx (and what is dx of paramphistomum spp.)

distinguish the egg from F. hepatica

(pointier at operculum end)

What are the hosts of Paragonimus Kellicotti (and tis secondary name)

lung fluke of carnivores

• hunting dogs

• outdoor cats

• wild mammals

What regions are Paragonimus kellicoti found

• Canada

• US - midwest and Eastern USA

What are the two IH of Paragonimus Kellicotti

• 1st IH: snail

• 2nd IH: crayfish

What is the pathogenesis of Paragonimus Kellicotti from ingestion of crayfish

• metacercariae penetrate intestine

• move thru diaphragm into lungs

• forms cysts in lung parenchyma

What are the CS of Paragonimus Kellicotti

• chronic deep coughing (from cysts in lungs)

• weakness

• lethargy

• hemoptysis

What is the dx of Paragonimus Kellicotti

eggs in feces thru sedimentation

What is the tx of Paragonimus Kellicotti

1. praziquantel (25mg/kg) for 3 days = TOC

2. fenbendazole (50mg/kg) for two weeks

3. albendazole (25mg/kg) for three weeks

What are the hosts and and predilection site of Nanophyetus salmincola

• dogs

• cats

• humans

adult flukes in SI

What are the two IH of Nanophyetus salmincola

• 1st IH - snail

• 2nd IH - fish, metacercaria in muscle

What disease is associated with Nanophyetus salmincola infection in canines

Neorickettesia helminthoeca

What are the CS of Nanophyetus salmincola in dogs

• fever, vomiting, diarrhea

• enlarged lymph nodes

• mortality rates of 80-90%

What is the dx of Nanophyetus salmincola

• history and CS

• fluke eggs in feces

• postmortem histology

What are the tx of Nanophyetus salmincola

must treat fluke and rickettsia

• oxytretracycle for rickettsia

• praziquantel for Nanophyetus

What is the prevention of Nanophyetus salmincola

do not allow dogs to eat raw fish