Chemistry Exam 1 2nd sem.

vocab

Ionic bonds

Metals that give off valence electrons to a non-metal

Covalent bonds

non-metals bonding with each other by sharing valence electrons

Metallic bonds

metals attracted to delocalized valence electrons that are in a “sea of electrons”

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Forms crystal lattices, hard, brittle, conducts electricity when dissolved in water, and has high melting/boiling points.

Properties of Covalent Compounds

Forms non-uniform crystal structures, does not conduct electricity when dissolved, has low melting/boiling points, is soft in solid form, and is flammable.

Properties of Metallic compounds

durable, ductile, malleable, conducts electricity and

heat, moderate to high melting and boiling points.

what are the five types of chemical reactions

synthesis, single replacement, double replacement, combustion, and decomposition

What are the details of a single bond?

1 pair, 2 valence electrons. Long, but weak

what are the details of a double bond?

2 pairs, 4 valence electrons. medium length and strength

what are the details of a triple bond?

3 pairs, 6 valence electrons. Short and strong

Polar covalent bond

unequal sharing of valence electrons.

non-polar covalent bonds

equal sharing valence electrons.

London dispersion force

The weakest intermolecular force caused by temporary dipoles formed when electrons in adjacent atoms are unevenly distributed.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another.

hydrogen bond

Attractive force between hydrogen bonded to an electronegative atom in one molecule and an electronegative atom in another.