apes 5.5

• Waterlogging:

too much water is left to sit in soil → raises water table of groundwater + inhibits plants ability to absorb O2 through roots

• Salinization:

when salts in groundwater remain in the soil after water evaporates -- makes soil toxic to plants

• Drip:

delivers water directly to plant roots via hoses -- most efficient, expensive

Spray:

pumps groundwater through spray nozzles -- more efficient than flood/furrow, expensive + require energy

Flood:

entire field as water -- 20% water lost to evaporation/runoff, waterlogging

Furrow:

digging trenches between crop rows filled with water -- inexpensive, ⅓ water lost to evaporation/runoff

irrigation pros + cons

• Pros: Increased agricultural productivity, drought protection

• Cons: soil salinization, waterlogging, aquifer depletion, expensive