Law 2810 - Chapter 2; Constitutional Law Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts related to federalism, government structure, and significant constitutional clauses that impact the relationships among state and federal authorities.

Federalism

A system in which the states form a union and sovereign power is divided between a central government and member states.

Enumerated powers

Powers expressly designated to the federal government by the Constitution.

Implied powers

Powers not expressly stated but necessary to carry out enumerated powers.

Reserved powers

All powers not granted to the federal government, expressly reserved to the states (Tenth Amendment).

Tenth Amendment

Constitutional amendment reserving powers not delegated to the federal government to the states.

Sovereignty

The quality of having independent authority over a geographic area.

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Clause in Article IV, Section 2, of the Constitution requiring states not to discriminate against citizens of other states.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Clause in Article IV, Section 1, requiring states to honor public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states.

Separation of powers

Constitutional principle that each branch performs a separate function and cannot exercise the authority of another branch.

Checks and balances

System by which each branch exercises checks on the powers of the others.

Commerce Clause

Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution granting Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce.

Interstate commerce

Commerce between the states.

Intrastate commerce

Commerce within a single state that substantially affects commerce involving more than one state.

USA Patriot Act

Expands government authority to monitor Internet activities, access personal information, and track communications.