Pre-Civil War through Reconstruction

AP US history

Kansas Nebraska act

results when Douglas proposes a bill to build the transcontinental railroad through Chicago

slavery

in the Kansas Nebraska act, the south will vote for Douglas’ bill if ____ could be brought into the new territories

kansas Nebraska act

Divide Nebraska territory into two: Nebraska and Kansas

kansas nebraska act

They will decide the issue of slavery with popular sovereignty

passes

Kansas nebraska act:

antislavery

New England Emigrant Aid Co pays for _______ settlers to move to Kansas (hoping to sway the vote)

Topeka

“homebase” for antislavery in bleeding Kansas

lecompton

“homebase” for slavery supporters

pro slavery

“Border Ruffians” from Missouri move in and will try to sway the vote for a _____ state

proslavery

in bleeding kansas, _____ forces attack first, killing 5

John brown

_____ leads forces to attack proslavery forces killing 12

free

kansas botes to be:

Lecompton constitution

• Proslavery constitution proposed in Congress and backed by Buchnanan

• Went against popular vote

lecompton constitution

both republican and democrats voted against it (this bill)

Dred Scott

Northerners are mad because of this proslavery decision

Dred Scott

Scott had been held in slavery in Missouri and then taken to the free territory of Wisconsin where he lived for two years before returning to Missouri → sued for freedom in Missouri in 1846

Dred Scott

Went to supreme court, with decision two days after Buchana was sworn in as president

Dred Scott

Presiding over the court was Chief Justice Roger Taney, a southern democrat, so it wasnt surprising the decision was against scott

African Americans

in Dred Scott, Scott had no right to sue, constitution does not intend for ______ to be citizens

deprive

in Dred Scott, cannot ___ property, and in their eyes slaves = property so cannot ban

Unconstitutional

in Dred Scott, MI compromise was ______, excluded slavery from Wisconsin and other northern territories

Dred Scott

In effect, Supreme court declared that all parts of the western territories were open to slavery

Dred Scott

Northerners believe that this had been secretly planned by democrats to settle question of slavery → more democrats now vote republican

John Brown

tried to start a slave uprising in VA, led group to attack federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry → plan to use guns from arsenal → Federal troops (under Lee) captured Brown

Raid at harpers ferry

Condemned by Republicans in North, South doesn't believe them, thinks its goal is to use slave revolts to destroy the south

John Brown

______ and 6 followers were tried for treason and hanged in VA

Douglas

champion of popular sovereignty and best hope for nation

Lincoln

not an abolitionist, moderate against slavery

Lincoln

delivers “house divided” speech → south thinks hes a radical → believes that either all free or all slave, not sustainable

Republicans

_____  attacked Douglas’ indifference to slavery as a moral issue

Free Port Debate

Lincoln challenged Douglas to reconcile popular sovereignty with Scott decision → Douglas says: No slave codes = no slavery → This angers southern democrats, think hes not fully supporting slavery

senate

1858, nations focus was on Douglas reelection campaign for ____, Lincoln challenges this

Douglas

wins reelection but loses southern democrat platform

Douglas

little giant, champion of popular sovereignty

Douglas

northern democratic

Breckinridge

southern democrat

Bell

constitutional union

Lincoln

republican

election of 1860

Democratic party breaks up, they were last practical hope for coalition and compromise

Douglas

election of 1860, leading and most capable candidate, had nomination blocked by angry southerners and supporters of president Buchana (convention in Charleston)

Douglas

hes on a platform of popular sovereignty and fugitive save law

southern democrats

called for the unrestricted extension of slavery and annexation of Cuba

Republicans

think that the election of 1860 is an easy win, as democrats are divided

republicans

 this group appeals to the economic self interest of Northerners and westerners, and call for the exclusion of slavery from territories

republicans

• Platform promised a protective tariff for industry, free land for homesteaders, internal improvements to encourage western settlement

• Railroad to Pacific

leave

In south, secessionists warned that if Lincoln was elected president, their states would _____ the union

constitutional union

formed from whigs and know-nothings, moderate democrats

• in fear or republican victory

constitutional union

The party's platform pledge enforcement of the laws, constitution, and preserving the union

Douglas

he campaigned

Lincoln

he gave statements to the press

Breckinridge

this southern democrat carried the Deep South

Douglas and Bell

these two had very few electoral votes in the election of 1860

Democrats

____  combined has more popular votes than Lincoln, but populous free states had enough electoral votes to select a president without the need for a single electoral vote from the south

civil war cause

• slavery

civil war cause

• constitutional disputes

civil war cause

• economic differences

civil war cause

• political benders and extremism

slavery

growing moral issue in the North Vs. its defense and expansion in the south

constitutional disputes

 federal power vs. states rights, national bank, tariffs, tariff of abominations, force bill

economic differences

 the industrial north vs. the agricultural south ex tariffs, internal improvements

extremism

lecompton constitution

free soilers

Northerners who oppose the expansion of slavery into lands gained in the Mexican american war → did not want to compete with slavery economically

free soilers

Composed of northern democrats an whigs, wanted all African Americans (slave and free) completely excluded from territories gained in the mexican-American war

know nothing

Growing ethnic tensions int he North between native born Protestant americans and immigrant Germans and Irish catholics → Nativist hostility forms this party

know nothing

Members responded with “I know nothing” to questions

know nothing

Drew support away from the Whigs when they were in defeat

know nothing

Core issue was opposition to Catholics and immigrants who were entering northern cities

writ of habeas corpus

Suspension meant that people could be arrested without being informed of their charges, can be held indefinitely, no speedy trial

writ of habeas corpus

Suspended by Lincoln at some point, led to arrests and detainment of over 13k people in the civil war

border states

Their loss (Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky) would gave increased the confederate population by more than 50% and would have severely weakened the North's strategic position for conducting the war

border states

Partly to avoid alienating Unionists in the ______ , Lincoln rejected initial calls for the emancipation of slaves

Antietam

• Lee, confederate decides to take the offensive to secure a major victory

• He hopes that this will convince great britain to officially help

Antietam

A confederate dropped the plans for the offensive so McClellan (union) knew about the attack

Antietam

Battle is bloodiest day of the war (22k) → Lee is forced to retreat

Antietam

Mcclellan does not pursue Lee and Lincoln is furious → “do you have a bad case of the slows?” and replaces him

Antietam

• Great Britain could join the confederacy unless Lincoln intervenes

• Lincoln issues a warning to the confederacy → rejoin the union by january 1st, 1863 or I will free your slaves—> they do not join

emancipation proclamation

confederacy does not join after antietam, so Lincoln issues the _____

emancipation proclamation

only freed slaves in the confederacy

emancipation proclamation

This issuing enlarges the purpose of the war → preserve union and frees the slaves, this also keeps great britain out of the war, because great britain doesnt support slavery so it can support confederates

Confiscation Acts

• Union can seize property during the war and freed the slaves of anyone who fought against the union (south argues slaves are property)

Butler

General _____ “contrabands” fees slabes

13th amendment

• Neither slavery nor indentured servitude, except as punishment for a crime, shall exist in the united states or anywhere in their jurisdiction

14th amendment

Declared all persons born or naturalised in the US as citizens

14th amendment

Obligated all states to respect the rights of US citizens and provide them when "equal protection of laws” and “due process of law”

14th amendment

Disqualified former confederate leaders form holding state or federal offices

14th amendment

Repudiated the debts of the defeated government of the confederacy

14th amendment

Penalized a state if they kept any eligible person from voting by reducing that states proportional representation in the House of Representatives and the Electoral College

15th amendment

Universal male suffrage

15th amendment

Prohibited any state from “denying or abridging” a citizen's right to vote on account of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude

union strengths

• Strong central government

union strengths

• Money, ways to distribute

• Clerical systems → book system, money distribution

union strengths

• 85% of railroads, 70% factories, 65% of farmland

union strengths

• Better navy/ships in North

union strengths

• 22 million people and 800k immigrants and 180k freed slaves

union weaknesses

military leadership is bad

union weaknesses

offensive war on unfamiliar terrain

union weaknesses

they have to preserve the union or abolish slavery

confederacy strengths

Strong, experienced military leadership  → Robert E. Lee

confederacy strengths

• Fighting a defensive war (don't have to go into enemy territory)

• High morale

confederacy strengths

• Coastline is difficult to blockade

• Shorter supply lines