Midterm Review Set 2425

Fun

Studying for Midterms

Human Dilemma

We are aware of the infinite and that we are finite. We understand the idea of forever but we know we don't live forever.

What is the Pale Blue Dot?

A photo of the Earth from far away. It means that there is only one planet that we live on in the whole universe and we have to take care of it.

Safety needs

(2nd lowest level of the Maslow's pyramid) security guards, police officers, fire fighters

Love and Belonging

(3rd level of Maslow) friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection

Self-Actualization

(Top level of Maslow) the process by which people achieve their full potential

Universality

the quality of involving or being shared by all people or things in the world or in a particular group. EX: Greatest fear etc.

Vehicle of expression

We express ourselves through our culture. Ex: food, medical, style, sports, language, religion.

Face

The different sides of ourself we show to different people.

Physiological Needs (Basic Needs)

(lowest level of Maslow's pyramid) Things that humans need to survive everyday. ex: Food, Water, Air, Shelter

Primary Nourishment

Belonging

Esteem needs

(2nd highest level of Maslow's pyramid) winning an award, achieving a goal, feeling of accomplishment

What do we learn from the question "is it better to rely on yourself or others?"

Our culture influences our answer. For example people from China usually answer others while Americans usually say yourself.

Origin Stories

All cultures have one. It teaches us where we come from and therefore gives us meaning and belonging

Kublai Khan

(1215-1294) Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China.

Mongol Origin Story Values

being true to your word is very important to the Mongols. They valued horses (horse turned into a jerboa after they failed at shooting 7 suns)

Kurultai

Vote in 1206 when leaders of clans elected Genghis Khan as great Khan

Mongol Women's responsibilities

- Taking care of animals and kids

- Learning to fight and ride - Collecting Food

- Shamans and did religious ceremonies

- Could voice opinions if powerful enough

Academic Advances in House of Wisdom

1) Starfinder

2) New numbers

3) Medicine

4) Scholars

5) Languages

6) Public Library

The Tatar

Man from another tribe in the Altani Story who tried to kill Ghengis Khan's grandson

Altani

Ghengis Khan's niece (12 yrs old) in the story about the kidnapping in the Yurt. She won the award for stopping the kidnapping.

Tolui

Ghengis Khan's youngest son (toddler) in the Altani story

Hoelun

Ghengis Khan's Mother

Baghdad before the Mongols

This place was full of art and architecture (like House of Wisdom), had over 1 million people, and was a pretty advanced city.

Siege of Baghdad

1258: Mongols attack Baghdad and quickly kill hundreds of thousands of people. City is destroyed.

Reason the siege of Baghdad was easy for Mongols

Baghdad underestimated the Mongols cruelty and ability

Tengrism

The religion followed by the Mongols

Did the Mongols believe in nature spirits

Yes

Why Genghis Khan gave freedom of religion to others

Because Genghis Khan's religion was tied to the land he came from and he did not expect others to understand or follow it.

Which is the symbol of Tengrism and what does it represent

Runes spell "Tengri", their god, and the circle is a drum.

Which khan conquered Baghdad?

Hulegu Khan

Boraqchin (accomplishments)

Very skilled warrior and Mongol woman. Help migrate city's around depending on the seasons. Married at 14.

Hoelun (Accomplishments)

She raised Genghis Khan and had a lot of influence over Genghis Khans rule.

How many killed during Siege of Baghdad

200,000-800,000

House of Wisdom

A place where scholars met and included a library full of knowledge and books in Baghdad.

What happened to the House of Wisdom after it was attacked?

building burned, books thrown into the river, knowledge lost, river ran black with ink.

Borte (accomplishments)

First wife and advisor to Genghis Khan, convinced Genghis to help his little brother which was very important, she was kidnapped but rescued.

Ghengis Khan

A leader who brought together Mongol clans into a powerful empire. (Lived 1162-1227)

Mongol Origin Story

Erkei-Mergen a famous archer said, "I want to shoot the 7 suns using only 7 arrows. If I can't accomplish this, I will cut off my thumbs and turn into a animal" The people wanted him to shoot down the suns they were drying out everything. When he attempted to shoot them down he only shot down 6 suns, and on the last shot he shot down a martin (bird). So he cut off his thumbs because he is a man of his words and then he turned into a marmot as promised.

Mongol Origin Story Values

being true to your word is very important to the Mongols. They valued horses (horse turned into a jerboa after they failed at shooting 7 suns)

Nameless

The person who killed the assassins who were targeting the emperor

Lands the Mongols conquered

China, the Middle East, Part of Europe, and most of Asia.

Bridges

What Genghis Khan built more of than any other ruler

Hulegu

G.K's grandson. Conquered land and was the one to take down the city of Baghdad.

Borte

Ghengis Khan's wife

Swahili Coast Art characteristics

Geometric patterns without people

Trade within Africa and with other regions

What did the economy of the Swahili Coast rely on

Who was the first leader/founder of the Swahili Coast?

Ali ibn al-Hassan Shirazi

Where Ali ibn al-Hassan Shirazi (the founder of Swahili Coast) was from and what this shows

He was from Persia, which means the Swahili Coast had a lot of foreign influences.

Role of spirits and ancestors in the African Indigenous Religion

Most africans believe in animism: everything on earth contains a spirit. This does not stop them from following other religions too, however, like Islam and Christianity.

View of god in the African Indigenous Religions

All powerful and other gods are part of/made from this god

Trade spread them

What primarily spread religion in Africa

rainmakers, priests

Examples of religious leaders in African religions

Christianity and Islam

Religions that were spread to Africa through trade

Middle East

Where Christianity and Islam originated

Persian, Arabic, Hindi, Bantu

Languages that had a major impacts on the creation of Swahili

Tanzania, Kenya, Mozambique, Madagascar

Modern day countries that make up the Swahili Coast

Arabic words in Swahili describe mostly?

god, business and medicine

Proverb

a short saying used by many stating a general truth or piece of advice. It has NO author

What do India's monsoon winds have to do with the Swahili Coast?

Monsoon winds allowed ships to travel quickly if they sailed with it, this resulted in more efficient travel for trade.

Bantu

Language are most Swahilli words are form

Tanzanian Proverb usage

It is seen as skillful to correctly use them in a sentence.

Christianity, Islam, Indigenous African

The three major religions on Swahili Coast

Taarab

Swahili Coast musical style

Kilwa

Capital city of the Swahili Coast

Karma (hinduism)

Consequence of your actions

Moksha (hinduism)

liberation of atman(soul) and release from samsara

Reincarnation (hinduism)

reborn into a person, animal, or other living thing

Samsara (hinduism)

the cycle of life, death and rebirth in Hinduism

Caste system

Social hierarchy which divides Hindus into classes from birth until death

Dharma (hinduism)

your duty/job

Desires

What suffering is caused by in Buddhism

Eightfold path (Buddhism)

the path to enlightenment, made up of instructions on how one should live: (examples: right views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.)

Enlightenment (Buddhism)

represents the highest state of spiritual awakening and liberation from the cycle of suffering and rebirth known as samsara.

Magic

People performing formulas, dances, and incantations to ask a favor of the gods

Divination

Predicting the future

The island from Moana

Example of Animism

School mascot

Example of Totem

Praying

Example of magic

Palm reading

Example of divination

Neolithic religions characteristics

Nature gods, animism, spirits connected to farming etc.

Path to Enlightenment

He learned of suffering through the four passing sights then became an ascetic for 6 years. After 6 years he realized this was not the way to find enlightenment and he began to meditate under the Bohdi tree for 49 days. The demon mara tried to tempt him but the Buddha prevailed and became enlightened.

How far back we find evidence of religion

Religion existed at least 30,000 thousand years ago with the first humans (even before homo-sapiens!)

Rituals

Rites, ceremonies, rituals

Siddhartha Gautama (Buddhism)

Founder of Buddhism

Totems

The feeling of kinship that humans have for other creatures or objects in nature

Taboo

Certain action must be avoided

Myth

Poetic way of telling the truth

Caste System

A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life

Animism

The belief that spirits exist in all things

Religions started in India

Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism

Monsoons

seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons. Important to India and the Swahili Coast

MIddle Way (Buddhism)

Buddha's path between luxury and extreme asceticism that led to Enlightenment.

Brahma

A Hindu god considered the creator of the world. (He was created by Perusha who is all things)

Bohdi Tree (Buddhism)

The tree that the buddha sat under for 49 days to find englightenment

Four Noble Truths (buddhism)

1. Everyone suffers.

2. The cause of suffering is desire

3. To end suffering you must end desire

4. To do this, follow the eightfold path

Purusha Story

An origin story from India where Purusha is everything and creates Brahma and the caste system.

Order of Caste System

1) Brahmin (teachers) 2) Kshatriya (warrior), 3)Vaishya (merchants), 4) Shundra (Peasants), 5)Untouchables (Dalits, work with dead bodies)

Four passing sights (Buddhism)

The four things Gautama saw upon leaving the palace which made him decide to leave his princely life: 1. old age 2. sickness 3. death 4. ascetic monk meditating

Using phones in class

Example of a taboo