APUSH Chapter 23-27

December 7, 1941

When was Pearl Harbor?

No, they didn’t destroy any of the aircraft carriers.

Was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor a success?

Singapore, Guam, the Philippines, and Hong Kong

Where else did the Japanese attack on December 7 besides Pearl Harbor

Executive Order #9066

Roosevelt’s order in 1942 authorizing the removal of “enemy aliens” from military areas. Sent Japanese-Americans to internment camps.

16\.4 million

How many Americans served in the armed forces during WWII?

True

(T/F) Americans experienced a better standard of living during WWII than ever.

False- it caused unity

(T/F) The attack on Pearl Harbor caused great division through the U.S.

May 8, 1945

When was V-E Day?

U.S.S. Missouri

On what battleship did Japan surrender on in Tokyo Bay?

Force the United States to pay dearly in lives and materials to secure each invaded island.

What was Japan’s defensive strategy?

* Force Japan to surrender without land invasion
* Impress the Soviets

What did Truman hope would be the consequences of using the Atomic bomb?

Potsdam Declaration

The demand for Japan’s unconditional surrender

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

What two cities were demolished using atomic bombs?

August 14, 1945

When did Japan surrender?

50 million

How many people died in WWII?

Set an embargo on oil and metal.

Prior to Pearl Harbor, what did the United States do that provoked Japan?

Get ahead of the U.S. by 6 months.

What was the hope of the Japanese army by destroying Pearl Harbor?

Escort Bombers

What was the job of the Tuskegee Airmen?

* Porter planes
* Create ammo

What was the job of the women in the Women’s Army Corps?

Manhattan Project

What was the codename of the project for the creation of the atomic bomb?

September 2, 1945

When was V-J Day?

Rosie the Riveter

Who became a symbol of women joining the workforce during WWII?

Was in direct response to the United States’ embargo of oil and scrap iron to Japan

During WWII, the Japanese attack on the United States Navy at Pearl Harbor:

House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Congressional committee created in 1938 that investigated suspected Communists during the McCarthy era.

Hollywood 10

10 screenwriters and producers who states that the 5th Amendment gave them the right to refuse to testify before the HUAC in 1947.

Alger Hiss

State Department official accused in 1948 of being a Communist spy; he was convicted of perjury and sent to prison.

McCarran Internal Security Act

Law passed by Congress in 1950 requiring Communists to register with the U.S. attorney general and made it a crime to conspire to establish a totalitarian government in the U.S.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Wife and husband who were arrested in 1950 and tried for conspiracy to commit espionage in 1951 after being accused of passing atomic bomb information to the Soviets.

1. Containment Policy
2. Iron Curtain Speech
3. Truman Doctrine
4. Marshall Plan
5. Berlin Airlift
6. Formation of NATO

What events led to the Cold War? (6)

George Keenan in his “Long Telegram” introduced a policy of long term containment of Russian expansive tendencies.

Who laid out the Containment Policy and what did it state?

Winston Churchill

Who made the famous speech saying “An iron curtain has descended across the Continent” at Westminster College in MO

1. International Cooperation
2. Deference based on military strength

During the Cold War, President Truman identified two paths to peace. What were they?

Iron Curtain

Name given to the military, political, and ideological barrier established between the Soviet Bloc and Western Europe after WWII

Truman Doctrine

Anti-Communist foreign policy announced by Truman that called for military and economic aid to countries whose political stability was threaten by communism.

The Marshall Plan

Program launched in 1948 to foster economic recovery in Western Europe in the postwar period though massive amounts of U.S. financial aid.

No, the Soviet Union refused any aid.

Was the Soviet Union included in the Marshall Plan?

Berlin Airlift

What was America’s and Britain’s response to the Soviet Blockade of West Berlin in 1948, in which tens of thousands of continuous flights delivered supplies.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Mutual defense alliance formed in 1949 among most of its nations of Western Europe and North America in an effort to contain communism.

Rio Pact

First Cold War alliance, joined in Latin American nations, Canada, and the United States in an agreement to prevent Communist inroads in Latin America and to improve political, social, and economic conditions among Latin American nations

Organization of American States

International organization composed of most of the nations of the Americas, including the Caribbean.

Right-to-work laws

State laws that make it illegal for labor unions and employers to require that all workers be members of a union.

Taft-Hartley Act

Law passed by Congress in 1947 banning closed shops, permitting employers to sue unions for broken contracts, and requiring unions to observe a cooling-off period before striking.

To Secure These Rights

Report by a committee appointed by Truman to examine race relations in the country that made several recommendations to improve civil rights; Congress failed to implement any recommendations.

Harry Truman

President who had done more in the area of civil rights than any president since Lincoln.

Dixiecrat Party

Party that emerged during the 1948 Presidential Election and was formed by southern delegates who refused to accept the civil rights plank of the Democratic platform; they nominated Storm Thurmond for president.

Truman

Who won the Presidential election of 1948?

Fair Deal

Truman’s new domestic program introduced in 1949, that stated every group of the population deserved a fair deal from the government. It would provide an expansion of New Deal programs including civil rights legislation.

Joseph McCarthy

Republican senator from Wisconsin who in 1950 began a Communist witch hunt that lasted until his censure by the Senate in 1954; McCarthyism is a term associated with attacks on liberals and others without evidence.

Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike)

Who won the 1952 Presidential Election?

Reduce spending and the presence of the federal government

What were Eisenhower’s priorities as president?

Congressional investigations by Sen. Joseph McCarthy televised in 1954; the hearings revealed McCarthy’s villainous nature and ended his popularity.

Army-McCarthy Hearings

The expanding economy under Eisenhower was a result of big government, big business, cheap energy, and an expanding population. Central to the new economy were the automobile and the industries and jobs that the car generated.

De Jure

Laws such as Jim Crow Laws that separated the races throughout the South until passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Brown V. Board of Education

A 1954 SCOTUS case in which the Court ruled that separate educational facilities for different races were inherently unequal.

Earl Warren

Chief Justice of the SCOTUS from 1953 t0 1969, under whom the Court issued decisions protecting civil rights, the rights of criminals, and the first amendment.

Southern Manifesto

Statement issued by 106 southern congressmen in 1954, after the Brown v. BOE decision, pledging to oppose desegregation.

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Created the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights,, which primarily investigated restrictions on voting, and the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice.

Separate but Equal

What doctrine was established in the Plessy V. Ferguson Case (1896)

Brown V. Board of Education

What SCOTUS decision unanimously overturned Plessy V. Ferguson

“Our constitution is colorblind”

What did John Harlan have to say about the decision in Plessy V. Ferguson?

Schools must desegregate with all deliberate speed and will be fined if they don’t.

What did Brown II say?

Sen. Joseph McCarthy

Who was responsible for a Red Scare during the 1950s?

New Frontier

Program for social and educational reform put forward by JFK and largely resisted by Congress.

JFK

To spur the economy out of a recession, _____ implemented aggressive Keynesian monetary and fiscal polices-use of government spending to stimulate or slow down the economy.

John F. Kennedy

Who won the presidential election of 1960?

True

T/F Kennedy did little to actively support the Civil Rights Movement

Public order laws

laws passed by many southern communities to discourage civil rights protests; the laws allowed the police to arrest anyone suspected of intending to disrupt public order.

James Meredith

Black student admitted to Ole Miss under federal court order in 1962.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Law that barred segregation in public facilities and forbade employers to discriminate on the basis of race, religion, sex, or national origin.

War on Poverty

Lyndon B. Johnson’s program to help Americans escape poverty through education, job training, and community development. It was fought on two fronts: expanding economic opportunities and improving the social environment.

Gideon, Escobedo, and Miranda

Three 1960’s SCOTUS rulings declaring that the state must provide an attorney to any defendant who cannot afford one and must inform those arrested of their rights to remain silent and to have an attorney present during questioning.

Great Society

Social Programs that LBJ announced in 1964; it included the War on Poverty, protection of civil rights, and funding for education.

Freedom Summer

Effort by Civil Rights groups in MS to register black voters and cultivate black pride during the summer of 1964.

Freedom March

Civil Rights March from Selma to Montgomery AL in March 1965; the violent treatment of protestors by local authorities helped galvanize national opinion against segregationists.

Voting Rights Act

A 1965 law that outlawed literacy and other voting tests and authorized federal supervision of elections in areas where black voting had been restricted.

Watts

Predominantly black neighborhood of Los Angeles where a race riot in August 1965 did 45 million in damage and took the lives of 28 blacks.

Black Power

Movement begun in 1966 that rejected the nonviolent, coalition-building approach of traditional civil rights groups and advocated black control of black organizations.

Malcolm X

Black activist who advocated black separatism as a member of the Nation of Islam; in 1963 he converted to orthodox Islam and 2 years later he was assasinated.

Black Panthers

black revolutionary party founded in 1966 that endorsed violence as a means of social change.

Betty Friedan’s

Feminist who wrote the Feminine Mystique in 1963 and helped found the National Organization for Women in 1966

Equal Pay Act

Forbids most employers to pay different wages, based on gender for equal work.

Title VII

Provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that guarantees women legal protection against discrimination.

National Organization for Women

Women’s rights organization founded in 1966 to fight discrimination against women and improve educational, employment, and political opportunists for women.

Civil Rights Ac of 1964

Prohibits discrimination in public accommodations and outlaws job discrimination on the basis of race or gender.

Nixon and JFK

Who ran in the presidential election of 1960?

Voting Rights Act

Abolishes poll tax and literacy test

Lyndon B. Johnson

What president pushed for the Civl Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act, and the EEOC

the Guf of Tonkin Resolution

How did Lyndon B. Johnson transform Vietnam into an American war?

Mapp v Ohio (1961)

Search and Seizure

Katz v. United States (1961)

Search and seizure (wiretaps)

Engle v. Vitale (1962)

Separation of Church and Sate

Abington v Schempp (1963)

Separation of Church and State

Gideon v. Wainright (1963)

Right to Counsel

Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)

Right to Counsel

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Rights of the Accused

Tinker v Des Moines (1969)

Symbolic Speech

Ho Chi Minh Trail

Main route by which North Vietnamese soldiers and supplies reached south Vietnam.

Nixon

Who won the presidential election of 1968?

Vietnamization

How did Nixon respond to the question of how best to withdraw from Vietnam?

Vietnamization

U.S. policy of scaling back American involvement in Vietnam and helping Vietnamese forces fight their own war.