Lecture 12 - Development of Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Strength and Flexibility; Weight Status

Individual Structural Constraints

Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Strength, and Fitness are all examples what what constraint?

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

The ability to sustain vigorous activity through efficient delivery of oxygen to working muscles

Oxygen

What is necessary to be supplied to muscles during vigorous activity?

Heart Rate

Number of heart beats each minute (bpm)

Declines with age?

What happens to Maximum HR as we age?

Heart Rate

There is a linear relationship between Workload and ____________

125-175 bpm, Rapid and Irregular

Characteristics of Fetal Heart Rate

120-140bpm, Periods of very slow heartrate(bradycardia)

Characteristics of Birth HR

80-100bpm

Characteristics of Children HR

Males: 57-60bpm, Females: 62-63 bpm

Characteristics of Adolesent Heart Rate for Males and Females

Endurance Training

What helps to decrease resting Heart Rate

Stroke Volume

The amount of blood the heart ejects with each beat (mL/beat)

Size of Heart, Contractile force of heart, Vascular resistance to flow.

What is Stroke Volume affected by?

Lower, smaller hearts

Stroke volume is ___________ in children due to _______________

3-4 mL/beat

The stroke volume at birth

40 mL/beat

Stroke volume in Adolescences

70/90 mL/beat

Adult Stroke Volume

Exercise

How can Stroke Volume be Increased?

Female Hearts are 25% smaller

Why is there a difference between Stroke Volume in Sexes

Cardiac Output

Amount of blood pumped within 1 minute from the heart

Heart Rate multiplied by Stroke Volume

How can Cardiac Output be measured?

Low Stroke Volume

Cardiac Output is low early in life because of ______________

VO2max

The Largest amount of O2 a human can process

physical work capacity

VO2max is the best measure of __________________-

mL/kg/min

What are the units for VO2max

Mass tends to correlated with O2 usage

Why is weight accounted for during VO2max measurements?

females

Gradual decline in VO2max for pubescent ________

1%

Approximately ____ of VO2max is lost per year

High Intensity Interval Training

Best way to train VO2max

Anaerobic Fitness

Exercise periods from 10s to 120/180s, without Oxygen

Anaerobic Power

Rate at which a persons body can meet the demand for short-term, intense activity

Anaerobic Capacity

How much oxygen deficit your body can tolerate

Muscle mass and energy sources

Anaerobic Fitness stems from..

training

Anaerobic improvements in adulthood must be a result of ____________

Aerobic Fitness

Exercise periods from 2-3minutes onward, utilizing O2

Aerobic Power

Rate at which long-term O2 demand is met

Aerobic Capacity

total energy available for prolonged activity

VO2max

Aerobic Fitness is largely related to ___________

puberty

The trigger hypothesis stages that hormones associated with _____________ are necessary for substantial training effects

left ventricle

In adult hood, one of the cardiovascular effects is caused by thickening of the __________________

Strength