Organic Chemistry Chapter 3: Alkane Nomenclature and Properties

What is the -CH2- group called?

Methylene group

What is a series of compounds that differ only in the number of methylene groups called?

Homologous series

What is the molecular formula for Butane?

C4H10

What are constitutional isomers?

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different carbon connections.

What is the molecular formula for Pentanes?

C5H12

What does IUPAC stand for?

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

What is the first rule of IUPAC nomenclature?

Find the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms and use its name as the base name.

How should the longest chain be numbered according to IUPAC rules?

Beginning with the end nearest a substituent or branch.

What should be done with alkyl groups in naming?

Name them and give their location by the main-chain carbon number.

What is the name for a compound with a six-carbon main chain?

Hexane

How should substituents be organized in a compound name?

List them in alphabetical order.

What prefixes are used for multiple substituents?

Di-, tri-, tetra-, etc.

What does 'di-' mean in nomenclature?

2

What does 'tri-' mean in nomenclature?

3

What does 'tetra-' mean in nomenclature?

4

What is the boiling point trend for alkanes?

Boiling points increase with the number of carbons.

How do branches affect the boiling point of alkanes?

Branches lower the boiling point.

What is the melting point trend for alkanes?

Melting points increase as the carbon chain increases.

Which alkanes have higher melting points, those with even or odd numbers of carbons?

Alkanes with an even number of carbons.

What is the reactivity of alkanes?

Alkanes are largely unreactive but can undergo reactions under catalysis or strong conditions.

What is the systematic name for a compound with eight carbons and an isopropyl group on C2?

4-isopropyl-2,2,3,6-tetramethyloctane

What is the significance of the longest carbon chain in naming complex substituents?

It is used to name the complex alkyl groups.

What is the molecular formula for a compound with three methyl groups at positions 2, 5, and 7?

2,5,7-trimethyldecane