Data Collection and Analysis Errors

Flashcards covering key concepts and terminology related to data collection, error types, data editing and coding, confidence intervals, and reporting basics.

Sampling Error

Difference between results obtained from a sample and results that would have been obtained from the entire population.

Noncoverage Error

Error arising from failure to include qualified elements of the defined population in the sampling frame.

Nonresponse Error

Error from failing to obtain information from some elements of the population that were selected for the sample.

Response Error

Error that occurs when an individual provides an inaccurate response to a survey item.

Total Error

The overall error that encompasses all the different types of errors possible in data collection.

Editing

The inspection and correction of the data received from each element of the sample.

Coding

The process of transforming raw data into symbols or numbers for analysis.

Open-Ended Questions

Questions that allow respondents to answer in their own words without predefined options.

Close-Ended Questions

Questions that provide respondents with fixed response options, often using numbers for answers.

Code Book

A document that contains explicit directions on how data from collection forms are coded.

Blunder

An error that arises during editing, coding, or data entry, often due to researcher carelessness.

ITEM NONRESPONSE

Error arising when a respondent agrees to an interview but refuses to answer specific questions.

Confidence Interval

A range of values that is likely to contain the population parameter with a certain degree of confidence.

Median

The middle value in a frequency table when the data is arranged in ascending order.

Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a data set.

Cumulative Percent

The running total of frequencies or percentages for a dataset, typically used to identify medians and quartiles.

Cramer's V

A measure of association for nominal variables, indicating the strength of a relationship.

Unstandardized Coefficient

Amount of influence of each significant predictor variable in a regression analysis.

Ethical Visual

A visual representation that is objective and accurately presents the information without misleading the audience.

Executive Summary

A section of a report that provides a concise overview of the main points and findings.

Limitations

A section that discusses the constraints and potential weaknesses of the research, adding credibility to the study.

Table vs. Chart

A table organizes data in rows and columns for precise values, while a chart visually represents data using shapes and colors.

Pie Chart

A circular statistical graphic divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportions.