IMMUNOSERO LAB (FROM QUIZZIZ AND ONLINE REVIEW)

WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF ANTIBODIES IN AN IMMUNOASSAY?

A. TO BIND TO ANTIGENS

B. TO AMPLIFY DNA

C. TO SEPARATE PROTEINS BASED ON SIZE

D. TO MEASURE ENZYME ACTIVITY

WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF ANTIBODIES IN AN IMMUNOASSAY?

A. TO BIND TO ANTIGENS

B. TO AMPLIFY DNA

C. TO SEPARATE PROTEINS BASED ON SIZE

D. TO MEASURE ENZYME ACTIVITY

A

WHAT IS RISK?

A. A COMBINATION OF THE LIKELIHOOD OF AN INCIDENT OCCURRING AND THE SEVERITY OF THE CONSEQUENCES (HARM) IF THAT INCIDENT WERE TO OCCUR

B. RISK IS THE ABSENCE OF DANGER IN ANY SITUATION

C. RISK IS THE CERTAINTY OF SUCCESS IN AN ACTION OR DECISION

D. RISK IS THE GUARANTEE OF POSITIVE OUTCOMES IN ALL CIRCUMSTANCES

A

BASED ON COMPETITION BETWEEN PARTICULATE AND SOLUBLE ANTIGENS FOR LIMITED ANTIBODY COMBINING SITES. REACTIVE SAMPLES WILL NOT PRODUCE A VISIBLE RESULT

A. AGGLUTINATION INHIBITION

B. PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION

C. REVERSE PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION

D. NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITION

A

THE SUM OF ALL ATTRACTIVE FORCES BETWEEN AN ANTIGEN AND AN ANTIBODY

A. REPULSION

B. AVIDITY

C. ADHESION

D. REPELLENT

B

WHAT IS SERIAL DILUTION?

A. A SERIAL DILUTION IS A METHOD USED TO INCREASE THE CONCENTRATION OF A SUBSTANCE IN A SOLUTION

B. A SERIAL DILUTION INVOLVES MIXING MULTIPLE SUBSTANCES TOGETHER WITHOUT DILUTION

C. A SERIAL DILUTION IS A PROCESS WHERE THE CONCENTRATION OF A SUBSTANCE REMAINS CONSTANT THROUGHOUT

D. A SERIAL DILUTION IS A STEPWISE DILUTION OF A SUBSTANCE IN A SOLUTION, WHERE THE CONCENTRATION DECREASES BY A CONSTANT FACTOR AT EACH STEP

D

THE INITIAL FORCE OF ATTRACTION THAT AN ANTIBODY FOR A SPECIFIC ANTIGENIC EPITOPE OR DETERMINANT

A. AVIDITY

B. ATTRACTION

C. SPECIFICITY

D. AFFINITY

D

WHAT IS BIOSAFETY?

A. BIOSAFETY IS THE PRACTICE OF MAINTAINING CAR ENGINES

B. BIOSAFETY IS THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTAL RELEASE OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND TOXINS

C. BIOSAFETY IS THE PROCESS OF PRESERVING DIGITAL DATA

D. BIOSAFETY IS THE STUDY OR MARINE LIFE FORMS

B

WHICH TYPE OF IMMUNOASSAY UTILIZES A RADIOACTIVE LABEL TO QUANTIFY THE CONCENTRATION OF ANALYTES IN A SAMPLE?

A. WESTERN BLOT

B. ELISA

C. RIA (RADIOIMMUNOASSAY)

D. PCR (POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION)

C

WHAT IS THE DILUTION FACTOR WHEN TRANSFERRING 1 ML OF SAMPLE TO A TOTAL VOLUME OF 10ML IN A TEST TUBE?

A. 10

B. 0.2

C. 0.1

D. 0.3

A

MEASURES THE TURBIDIMETRY OR CLOUDINESS OF A SOLUTION BY DETECTION OF LIGHT REFRACTED BY THE SAMPLE = SOLUBLE ANTIGEN + ANTIBODY = INSOLUBLE COMPLEXES

A. TRANSLUCENCY

B. TURBULENCE

C. NEPHELOMETRY

D. OPACITY

C

WHICH TYPE OF IMMUNOASSAY IS KNOWN FOR ITS HIGH SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY?

A. ELISA

B. SOUTHERN BLOT

C. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

D. PCR (POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION_

A

WHICH IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE IS KNOWN FOR ITS ABILITY TO DETECT AND QUANTIFY SPECIFIC NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCES?

A. ELISA

B. PCR (POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION)

C. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

D. SOUTHERN BLOT

B

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF PERFORMING A SERIAL DILUTION IN MICROBIOLOGY?

A. TO INCREASE THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SAMPLE

B. TO SPEED UP THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS

C. TO ELIMINATE ALL MICROORGANISMS FROM THE SAMPLE

D. TO REDUCE THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SAMPLE FOR ACCURATE COUNTING OF MICROORGANISMS

D

WHAT DOES ELISA STAND FOR IN IMMUNOASSAY TECHNOLOGY?

A. ENZYME LINKE IMMUNODEFICIENCY ASSAY

B. ELECTROCHEMICAL LUMINESCENCE IN SITU ASSAY

C. ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

D. ELECTROLYTE-LINKED INHIBITION SERUM ASSAY

C

WHAT IS THE DILUTION FACTOR WHEN TRANSFERRING 1 ML FROM THE SECOND TEST TUBE TO THE THIRD TEST TUBE IN A SERIAL DILUTION?

A. 10

B. 100

C. .01

D. .001

C

WHAT IS BIOSECURITY?

A. PROTECTION, CONTROL AND ACCOUNTABILITY FOR VALUABLE BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS WITHIN LABORATORIES, IN ORDER TO PREVENT THEIR UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, LOSS, THEFT, MISUSE, DIVERSION OR INTENTIONAL RELEASE

B. BIOSECURITY IS A TERM USED IN AGRICULTURE TO DESCRIBE THE TASTE OF ORGANIC PRODUCE

C. BIOSECURITY IS A TYPE OF COMPUTER SECURITY SOFTWARE

D. BIOSECURITY IS THE STUDY OF MARINE BIOLOGY

A

PRECIPITATION TECHNIQUES THAT USE GEL INSTEAD OF A LIQUID AS THE MEDIUM = AGAROSE GEL IS USUALLY USED

A. TURBIDIMETRY

B. IMMUNODIFFUSION

C. NEPHELOMETRY

D. OPTICAL METHODS

B

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO USE STERILE MATERIALS IN A SERIAL DILUTION EXPERIMENT?

A. TO DECREASE THE NUMBER OF CONTAMINANTS INTRODUCED INTO THE SAMPLES

B. TO ADD MORE VARIABILITY TO THE SAMPLES

C. TO INCREASE THE ACCURACY OF THE RESULTS

D. TO SPEED UP THE EXPERIMENT PROCESS

A

IT INVOLVES COMBINATION OF SOLUBLE ANTIBODY WITH SOLUBLE ANTIGEN TO PRODUCE INSOLUBLE COMPLEXES

A. AGGLUTINATION REACTION

B. NEUTRALIZATION REACTION

C. PRECIPITATION REACTION

D. COMPLEMENT FIXATION REACTION

C

WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF GEL ELECTROPHORESIS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY?

A. TO DETECT SPECIFIC PROTEINS

B. TO AMPLIFY DNA

C. TO SEPARATE AND ANALYZE DNA FRAGMENTS BASED ON THEIR SIZE

D. TO MEASURE ENZYME ACTIVITY

C

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF USING PCR IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY?

A. TO DETECT SPECIFIC PROTEINS

B. TO AMPLIFY DNA

C. TO SEPARATE PROTEINS BASED ON SIZE

D. TO MEASURE ENZYME ACTIVITY

B

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS IS NOT NEEDED FOR A SERIAL DILUTION EXPERIMENT?

A. BUNSEN BURNER

B. PETRI DISHES

C. PIPETTES

D. MICROSCOPE SLIDES

A

ZONE OF EXCESS OF ANTIBODIES. INSTEAD OF FORMING CROSS-LINK, THE ANTIBODY COAT THE ANTIGEN BECAUSE OF LITTLE AMOUNT OF ANTIGEN

A. ZONE OF EQUIVALENCE

B. PROZONE

C. POSTZONE

B

HOW IS THE DILUTION IN EACH TUBE EXPRESSED?

A. AS A FRACTION (1/X)

B. AS A DECIMAL

C. AS A PERCENTAGE

D. AS A WHOLE NUMBER

A

WHICH IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE IS COMMONLY USED TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC PROTEINS IN A SAMPLE?

A. ELISA

B. PCR

C. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

D. WESTERN BLOT

A

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUES IS COMMONLY USED TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF ANTIBODIES OR ANTIGENS IN A PATIENT’S SERUM

A. PCR

B. WESTERN BLOT

C. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

D. SOUTHERN BLOT

B

WHICH IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE IS COMMONLY USED TO DETECT THE PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCES?

A. ELISA

B. PCR

C. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

D. SOUTHERN BLOT

B

WHICH TECHNIQUE IS COMMONLY USED TO SEPARATE AND ANALYZE DNA FRAGMENTS BASED ON THEIR SIZE

A. ELISA

B. SOUTHERN BLOT

C. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

D. PCR

C

WHAT DOES A DILUTION FACTOR OF 10-³ INDICATE IN A SERIAL DILUTION EXPERIMENT?

A. THE SAMPLE IS 100 TIMES DILUTED

B. THE SAMPLE IS HIGHLY CONCENTRATED AND HAS NOT BEEN DILUTED AT ALL

C. THE SAMPLE IS 10 TIMES DILUTED

A

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF USING A WESTERN BLOT IN IMMUNOASSAY TECHNOLOGY

A. TO DETECT SPECIFIC PROTEINS

B. TO AMPLIFY DNA

C. TO SEPARATE PROTEINS BASED ON SIZE

D. TO MEASURE ENZYME ACTIVITY

A

A LABORATORY REF AND FREEZER SHOULD BE MAINTAINED AT WHAT TEMPERATURE?

A. 3-5 (-10C)

B. 2-3 (-10C)

C. 2-8 (-20C)

D. 5-10 (-20C)

C

COMPLEMENT IS INACTIVATED AT WHAT TEMPERATURE?

A. 60C

B. 56C

C. 21C

D. 37C

B

HOW MANY MINUTES CAN BE DILUTED HOUSEHOLD BLEACH PREPARED DAILY INACTIVATES HEPA B VIRUS

A. 2 MINUTES

B. 60 MINUTES

C. 30 MINUTES

D. 10 MINUTES

D

IT IS A CROSS-LINKED BETWEEN SENSITIZED PARTICLES AND ANTIBODIES RESULTING IN AGGLUTINATION

A. SENSITIZATION

B. ZONE OF EQUIVALENCE

C. POST ZONE

D. LATTICE FORMATION

D

PROZONE REACTION IN SEROLOGIC TESTING IS CORRECTED BY:

A. SERIAL DILUTION

B. WASHING

C. CENTRIFUGE THE SERUM

D. HEAT INACTIVATION

A

IT IS A TEST USED TO MEASURE TOTAL IGE

A. RAST

B. RIST

C. ELISA

D. WESTERN BLOT

B

AN ANTIGEN IS ATTACHED TO THE CARRIER PARTICLES, AGGLUTINATION OCCUR WHEN CORRESPONDING ANTIBODY IS PRESENT, WHAT IS THE PROCESS DESCRIBED?

A. DIRECT AGGLUTINATION

B. COAGGLUTINATION

C. PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION

D. REVERSE PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION

C

THIS FACTORS AFFECTS SENSITIZATION AND REFERRED TO AS A TOTAL OF ALL ATTRACTIVE FORCES OCCURRING BETWEEN MULTIPLE BINDING SITES ON ANTIGEN

A. AFFINITY

B. AVIDITY

C. IMMUNE COMPLEX

D. MULTIVALENT SITES

B

IT IS CAUSED BY THE PRESENCE OF ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS THAT RESEMBLE ONE ANOTHER SO CLOSELY THAT ANTIBODY FORM AGAINST ONE WILL REACT WITH OTHER

A. CROSS RELATEDNESS

B. CROSS SPECIFICITY

C. CROSS REALITY

D. CROSS REACTIVITY

D

WHY IS RIA/EIA IS THE PREFERRED METHOD FOR DETECTING ANALYTES FOUND IN LOW CONCENTRATION SUCH AS HORMONE

A. BECAUSE THIS SYSTEM MAY BE DESIGNED AS BOTH COMPETITIVE AND NON COMPETITIVE ASSAY

B. BECAUSE OF LOW CROSS REACTIVITY

C. BECAUSE OF HIGH SPECIFICITY

D. BECAUSE OF HIGH SENSITIVITY

D

THIS IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF CHEMILUMINESCENCE LABEL USED IN CLIA

A. FLUORESCIN

B. ISOLUMINOL

C. RODAMINE

D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

B

IF THE ABSORBANCE OF AN ELISA SAMPLE EXCEEDS TO THE HIGHEST STANDARDS, WHAT CORRECTIVE MEASURE SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED?

A. DILUTE THE SAMPLE

B. REPEAT THE TEST USING THE STANDARD OF HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS

C. EXTRACULATE AN ESTIMATED VALUE FROM THE HIGHEST READING

D. REPEAT THE ASSAY USING ½ VOLUME OF THE SAMPLE

A

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PPE SHOULD BE DOFF LAST?

A. LAB GOWN

B. SURGICAL MASK

C. SHOE COVER

D. GOGGLES

B

ALL OF THE FOLLOWING CAN CAUSE FFALSE NEGATIVE RESULT IN AGGLUTINATION EXCEPT?

A. DELAYED TESTING

B. PROZONE

C. AUTOAGGLUTINATION

D. UNDER CENTRIFUGATION

C

IN NEPHELOMETRY, THIS IMMUNOGLOBULIN IS NOT MEASURED

A. IGG

B. IGE

C. IGM

D. IGD

D

IT EMPLOYS PARTICLE TO CARRY AN ANTIBODY FOR ANTIGEN DEMONSTRATION?

A. PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION

B. REVERSE PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION

C. INHIBITION AGGLUTINATION

D. PRECIPITATION AGGLUTINATION

B

IT USES RBC AS CARRIER PARTICLES

A. HEMEAGGLUTINATION

B. PRECIPITATION

C. DIRECT AGGLUTINATION

D. COMPLEMENT FIXATION

A

STAPH AUREUS PROTEIN A IS A CARRIER PARTICLE OF WHAT METHOD?

A. AGGLUTINATION INHIBITION

B. COAGGLUTINATION

C. PRECIPITATION

D. FLOCCULATION

B

IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY MAY DIFFICULT TO INTERPRET FOR WHAT REASON?

A. AUTOFLUORESCENCE OF SUBSTANCES IN SERUM

B. SUBJECTIVITY IN READING RESULTS

C. NONSPECIFIC BINDING TO SERUM PROTEINS

D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

D

NONAGGLUTINATION IS A POSITIVE RESULT OF WHAT METHOD?

A. AGGLUTINATION INHIBITION

B. COAGGLUTINATION

C. PRECIPITATION

D. FLOCCULATION

A

IN A NON-COMPETITIVE IMMUNOASSAY, IF A NEGATIVE CONTROL SHOWS THE PRESENCE OF COLOR, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MIGHT BE A POSSIBLE EXAPLANATION?

A. NO REAGENT WAS ADDED

B. WASHING STEPS WERE INCOMPLETE

C. THE ENZYME WAS INACTIVATED

D. NO SUBSTRATE WAS PRESENT

B

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A TRUE FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION IMMUNOASSAY

A. BOTH ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY ARE LABELED

B. LARGE MOLECULES POLARIZE MORE LIGHT THAN SMALLER MOLECULES

C. WHEN BINDING OCCURS THERE IS A QUENCHING OF THE FLUORESCENCE TAG

D. THE AMOUNT OF FLUORESCENCE IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE CONCENTRATION OF THE ANALYTE

B

WHICH OF THE STATEMENTS DESCRIBES PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION REACTION USED FOR SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS

A. SUCH AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS ARE MORE RAPID BECAUSE THEY ARE SIMPLE OR SINGLE STEP PROCESS

B. REACTIONS REQUIRE THE ADDITION OF THE SECOND ANTIBODIES

C. PASSIVE AGGLUTINATION REACTION REQUIRE BIPHASIC INCUBATION

D. CARRIER MOLECULES/PARTICLES FOR ANTIGEN SUCH AS LATEX PARTICLES ARE USED

D

WHAT IS THE FIRST THING TO DO IF YOU ACCIDENTALLY SPILLED ACID ON YOUR SKIN

A. NOTIFY YOUR SUPERVISOR

B. NEUTRALIZE THE AREA WITH A BASE

C. APPLY BURNT OINTMENT

D. FLUSH THE AREA WITH WATER

D

THE FOLLOWING DILUTION WHERE SET UP TO TITER AN ANTIBODY, THE FOLLOWING RESULT WHERE OBTAINED: 1:2 (POSITIVE), 1:4 (POSITIVE), 1:8 (POSITIVE), 1:16 (NEGATIVE) — HOW SHOULD BE THE TITER BE REPORTED OUT?

A. 2

B. 4

C. 8

D. 16

C

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PROCESS WHERE BY SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AGGREGATES TO FORM A LARGER VISIBLE CLUMPS WHEN THE CORRESPONDING SPECIFIC ANTIBODY IS PRESENT IN THE SERUM

A. AGGLUTINATION

B. PRECIPITATION

C. PRECIPITIN BOND

D. MIGRATION TO AN ANODE

A

WHAT COMPENSATES AN ELISA’S INDICATOR SYSTEM FOR DETECTING ANTIBODIES

A. ANTIGEN CONJUGATE + CHROMOGENIC SUBSTRATE

B. ENZYME + ANTIGEN

C. ENZYME CONJUGATE ANTIBODY + CHROMOGENIC SUBSTRATE

D. SUBSTRATE + ANTIGEN

C

HAND WASHING AND HAND RUBBING WITH ALCOHOL ARE 2 ACCCEPTABLE FORM OF HAND DISINFECTION, HOW LONG SHOULD YOU PERFORM THEM TO REMOVE MICROORGANISMS RESPECTIVELY

A. 1 MINUTE 20 SECONDS

B. 1 MINUTE 30 SECONDS + 30 SECONDS

C. 60 SECONDS 40 SECONDS

D. 1 MINUTE 30 SECONDS

D

IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING TESTING SITUATIONS IS THERE IS A DIRECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF BOUND LABEL AND THE AMOUNT OF ANTIGEN/PATIENT ANTIGEN PRESENT

A. COMPETITIVE RIA USING LABELED ANTIGEN

B. COMPETITIVE EIA USING LABELED ANTIGEN

C. NON COMPETITIVE EIA USING A SECOND LABELED ANTIBODY

D. MULTIVALENT SITES

C

THE AFFINITY OF AN ANTINGEN ANTIBODY BINDING IS INFLUENCE BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING

A. THE CHARGE DISTRIBUTION ON FC

B. HOW WELL THE ANTIGEN FITS INTO THE BINDING SITE OF FAD

C. THE NUMBER OF ANTIGEN IN THE REACTION

D. THE NUMBER OF FAB SITES ON THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN

E. ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT

B

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE COMMONLY USED TO QUANTIFY THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS G, A, M, AND E, AS WELL AS KAPPA AND LAMBDA LIGHT CHANGE

A. RATE NEPHELOMETRY

B. IMMUNO FIXATION

C. AGGLUTINATION

D. COMPLEMENT FIXATION

A