Elizabethan England Edexcel

When did Elizabeth become queen?

1558

Who was the Queen of Scotland?

Mary Queen of Scots

What religion was Elizabeth?

Protestant

What religion were most people in England?

Catholic

Who did most people want on the English throne?

Mary Queen of Scots because she was Catholic

Who were Elizabeth's parents?

King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

Why did many Catholics reject Elizabeth as Queen?

The Pope had rejected her parents' marriage as unlawful therefore Elizabeth was illegitimate

How much was ELizabeth in debt when she came to the throne?

£300,000

Why did Elizabeth want to avoid raising taxes?

She was already unpopular with most of her subjects

Why was England's border with Scotland hard to defend?

It was far from London

Who was Mary Queen of Scots married to?

King Francis II of France

What was the Treaty of Edinburgh?

Signed in 1560, it agreed that France and England would withdraw all of their forces from Scotland.

Why did France have the potential to overthrow England?

It was wealthier

What religion was France?

Catholic

Where did France capture from England in 1558, while Mary I was still Queen?

Calais

What was the name of the treaty that in 1559, Elizabeth had to sign to confirm the loss of Calais?

Cateau-Cambrésis

What was the most powerful country in Europe in 1558?

Spain

What religion was Spain?

Catholic

Why were Spain and England allies for most of the Tudor period?

Different marriage alliances

What did Elizabeth do when King Philip II of Spain offered to marry her after Mary I's death?

She rejected him

Who did Catholics believe should be the Head of the Church?

The Pope

Who did Protestants believe should be the Head of the Church?

The current reigning monarch

Who did Puritans believe should be the Head of the Church?

No one

Which type of Christianity like decorated interiors of the Church?

Catholics

Which type of Christianity wanted a plainer Church?

Protestants

What did Catholics believe the priests should wear?

Vestments

What did Protestants believe the priests should wear?

Plain black robes

Which areas of England were strongly Protestant?

The South

Which areas of England were strongly Catholic?

The North

Which part of the Elizabethan Settlement made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church, taking power away from the Pope?

The Act of Supremacy

Why did Elizabeth's decision to call herself the Supreme Governor not Head, appease Catholics and Puritans?

Both of them did not want the Monarch to be Head of the Church

Which part of the religious settlement made Protestantism England's official faith and also set out rules of religious practices and worship in a revised Book of Common Prayer that had to be used?

Act of Uniformity

Why was the new Book of Common Prayer deliberately unclear?

So people could interpret it their own way.

What did the Act of Uniformity say about what the priests had to wear?

Special clothing called vestments

How much were people fined if they didn't attend Church, as set out in the Act of Uniformity

1 Shilling

Which part of the religious settlement was a set of instructions issued by Sir William Cecil on a wide range of issues to reinforce the acts that had already been set out?

Royal Injunctions

What did the Royal Injunctions say about what language the Bible had to be in?

In English

Why did moderate Protestants believe that Elizabeth was bringing in an age of harmony after the chaos of Mary I's reign?

They believed that she was restoring the true religion back to England.

Why did Protestants not lead rebellions, protests or help a foreign power invade England?

They believe Elizabeth was better than Mary Queen of Scots

How many bishops accepted the settlement and took the oath of supremacy?

37

How many Puritans had fled England when Mary I had been Queen?

Over 800

Why was there very little change in the look and feel of Churches for ordinary Catholics

They still had all of the grand ornaments and decorations

Why were many of Elizabeth's penalties relatively soft?

She didn't want to be another Mary I

What did Puritan bishops threaten to do unless Elizabeth removed crucifixes from each Church?

resign

How did Elizabeth respond to the Puritans bishops' threat in the crucifix controversy?

She backed down because there was not enough Catholic priests to replace the Puritans

What was the name of the instruction that the Pope gave English Catholics in 1566 about attending Church of England services?

The Papal Bull

What term refers to Catholic who were unwilling to attend Church services as set out in the settlement?

Recusants

What did the Pope do in 1570 in response to the Revolt of the Northern Earls that took place a year before?

He excommunicated Elizabeth

How did Elizabeth change the Catholic nobles influence at court?

She reduced it

Who led the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

The Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland

What did the Northern Earls do once they took control of Durham Cathedral?

They celebrated a full Catholic mass

Who was ruling Scotland while Mary Queen of Scots was in France?

Mary of Guise

How did the English Catholics respond to Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568?

They rebelled against Elizabeth

How did some of Elizabeth's Privy Council want her to deal with Mary Queen of Scots?

They wanted Elizabeth to execute her

Why was Elizabeth very reluctant to execute Mary Queen of Scots?

MQS was Catholic so if she was executed, it would cause problems with Rome and Spain.

Who were Thomas Percy and Charles Nevile?

Important Catholic nobels

Why were the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland motivated by religion to rebel against Elizabeth?

They wanted England to be Catholic

What did many ordinary Catholics believe Elizabeth's religious goal was?

She wanted Catholicism to die out

Why had many of the northern Catholic Earls have a personal grievances with Elizabeth?

She had stripped many of them of their power and land

Who did the Northern Earls wanted Mary Queen of Scots to marry?

The Duke of Norfolk

Why did many of Elizabeth's advisors not initially try to stop the proposed marriage agreement between Mary, Queen of Scots and the Duke of Norfolk

He was thought to be Protestant

What was the ultimate goal of the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

To overthrow Elizabeth, place Mary Queen of Scots on the throne and restore Catholicism back to England

Why did Elizabeth continue to face Catholic plot after the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

Some Catholics were encouraged by the initial success of the Revolt

Why was the Pope's 1570 papal bull, which excommunicated Elizabeth, a turning point in Catholic loyalty to Elizabeth?

They could not longer follow both God and the Queen

What was the Council of the North?

A council with the powers to take action in times of emergency

How did Elizabeth deal with the Northern Earls?

She executed them

How many rebels were executed following the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

About 450

What was the Ridolfi Plot of 1571?

Plot to put Mary on the throne to make England catholic and and let Mary marry the duke of Norfolk.

Who supported the Ridolfi plot?

The Pope and the Duke of Norfolk

How did Elizabeth respond to the Ridolfi plot?

She executed the Duke of Norfolk

How were Catholic treated more harshly from 1581?

Attempting to convert people to Catholicism was now illegal

In the Throckmorton plot, who planned to invade England and overthrow Elizabeth?

The Duke of Guise

What anti-Catholic law was passed in 1585?

Helping Catholic Priests was punishable by death

How many Catholic were imprisoned after?

11000

What was the aim of the Babington plot?

French Duke of Guise invade England, murder Elizabeth, put Mary on the throne

How did Sir Francis Walsingham find out about the Babington plot?

Letters were intercepted between Mary Queen of Scots and Anthony Babington

What were the consequences of the Babington plot?

Mary Queen of Scots was executed and there were mass arrests of recusants across England

When did Elizabeth finally sign Mary's death warrant?

In February 1587

Who were informants?

People paid to reveal infomation

Where had been England's main route into European markets?

the Netherlands

Which country controlled the Netherlands and limited access for English merchants

Spain

How did English merchants respond to Spanish trading rules that required merchants to get a license from Spain?

They ignored it and continued trading as usual

Who was Sir Francis Drake?

an English privateer who pillaged Spanish ships for gold

What did Sir Francis Drake do when Elizabeth hired him as a privateer in 1572?

He captured £40,000 of Spanish silver.

What was Drake's aim when he again set off for the New World in 1577?

To bring back money and value to England

What secret orders did Elizabeth give Drake when he set off for the new world?

to attack Spanish ports and steal their money

How much Spanish treasure did Drake bring back when he returned to England in 1580?

£400,000

What did Elizabeth do to show how impressed she was with Drake's actions?

She knighted him

When did Catholics and Protestants in the Netherlands rise up against Spain, in an event known as the Dutch Revolt?

1566

Why did people in the Netherlands rise up against Spain?

They weren't being paid

Who did Philip II send to the Netherlands in 1567 to put down the revolt?

The Duke of Alba

How did Elizabeth unofficially help the Dutch Protestants resist the Spanish?

She allowed English privateers to attack the Spanish ships

How did Elizabeth encourage the heir to the French throne, the Duke of Alençon, to get involved in the conflict in the Netherlands?

She used her influence on him

Why was the Spanish government in the Netherlands almost bankrupt by 1576?

Costs of the war

What happened during the Spanish Fury of November 1576?

Spanish troops who hadn't been paid revolted

What did the Spanish Fury do to all 17 Dutch provinces?

It united all Catholics and Protestants against Spain

What support did Elizabeth I provide the Dutch rebels following the Spanish Fury?

She gave them £100,000

When was the Pacification of Ghent signed?

1576

What was the Pacification of Ghent?

It demanded that all Spanish troops left the Netherlands?

What was the French Catholic league?

A group of Catholic nobels